於颱洪時期考慮發電、防洪與蓄水多目標即時最佳化水庫操作模式之建立

Abstract

颱風為台灣夏季主要天然災害之一,其導致之洪水災害為防範重點,大型水 庫之設計雖可降低洪峰進而減少洪災,但仍需搭配適當的防洪操作。本研究目的 為建立一適用於颱洪期間之水庫最佳操作模式,預先釐訂颱風期間之輔助操作策 略,以供水庫及電廠進行輔助參考,在減少下游洪災的情況下,使發電效益最大, 並能最大化後續供水。本研究建立的多目標最佳化即時操作模式應用於大甲溪流 域串聯型水庫中,其中包含德基水庫、青山壩、谷關水庫、天輪壩、馬鞍壩,選 定 2012 年 7 月蘇拉颱風,2008 年 9 月薔蜜颱風,2008 年 7 月鳳凰颱風共計三 場,進行即時操作模擬測試。整體而言,模擬結果顯示此研究建立的模式運行結 果成功的降低了颱洪時期最大洪峰流量,期末蓄水量皆達到設計蓄水量的 95%以 上,颱洪期間總發電量亦皆達到滿載發電量的 95%以上。故此研究發展之即時最 佳防洪操作模式,能同時考慮發電、防洪與蓄水等目標,可做為水庫即時防洪操 作之輔助。

Typhoon is one of the major natural disasters in Taiwan. Flood damage comes along and should be prioritized in prevention. Although the reservoir is designed to reduce the flood peak, appropriate operations should be performed to achieve the goal. In this study, our goal is to develop an optimal real-time reservoir operation model during typhoon period which can not only optimize the benefit of power generation, but also reduce downstream flood disaster and maximize water storage of reservoir. This model can be used to set the auxiliary operating strategies during the typhoon as references for reservoir and power plant operations. We will apply this real-time model to tandem-type reservoir in Dajia basin. The tandem-type reservoirs contain Te-Chi Reservoir, Chingshan Dam, Guguan Reservoir, Tianlun Dam, and Ma'an Dam. On the testing events, we chose three typhoon events which include Typhoon Saola (july,2012), Typhoon Jangmi(September, 2008 ), and Typhoon Fung-wong( July, 2008) to run the simulation tests. Overall, the results of the tests show that through this model we have successfully reduced the maximum flood peak flow, the storage capacity are more than 95% of the design volume of water, and total generating capacity has reached more than 95% of the full load generating capacity. From the results, one can tell that this model indeed works well on optimizing objectives including power generation, flood control, and storage capacity, and can provide useful informations for reservoir flood control operation.