鉛與錫鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的元件最佳化工程研究

Abstract

本篇論文的第一部分是鉛鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的最佳化，首先調整噴霧熱解的溫度來製備良好的緻密TiO2層，然後用spin coating的緻密TiO2層製作平板結構的太陽能電池，之後將mp-TiO2層中的HD1奈米粒子改為LR系列的奈米棒，接著討論Spiro-OMeTAD HTM的隔夜氧化對於元件表現的影響。第一部分的最後則是T字形蝕刻圖案應用於銀電極完全封裝的太陽能電池的討論，T字形蝕刻可以延長持續照光下太陽能電池的使用壽命，從原本的3到5天延長到長達兩個月。 第二部分則是無鉛混鉛鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的製作，一開始討論電洞傳輸材料的doping與否以及P3HT HTM退火的條件，然後討論一些優化元件的製作條件。最後嘗試純無鉛SnBr2電池的製作。為了更進一步提高SnBr2無鉛太陽能電池的效率，我們引入了(1) FDC、(2) Solvent Annealing，以及(3) Adduct Method到製程當中。最後可以用SnBr2 90%的比例製作出效率高達3%的無鉛鈣鈦礦太陽能電池。

This thesis contains two parts. The first part is the performance optimization of lead perovskite solar cells. We firstly adjust spray pyrolysis temperature in order to prepare high quality compact TiO2 layer for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. We also fabricate planar structure devices without mp-TiO2 layer. We display the cell performance of 4 kinds of devices prepared by 4 kinds of spin coated compact layer. After that, we change the HD1 nanoparticle in the mp-TiO2 layer into LR series nanorod. Three kinds of nanorod: LR250, LR500, LR1k are used in devices fabricated by fast deposition crystal-lization method. Then we discuss about the influence of overnight oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD HTM on devices. At the end of the first part, we apply T-shape etch pattern on totally encapsulated silver electrode perovskite solar cell. We show that FTO can be successfully used as wire to transfer holes if the FTO wire part is sheltered when doing spray pyrolysis. Because FTO can used as wire, silver electrode can be totally encapsulated in microscopic slide. Devices with T-shape etch pattern have longer lifetime. Lifetime can be prolonged from 3~5 days to two months. In the Second part, we make lead-free solar cells as well as tin-rich solar cells. To begin with, we discuss about whether Spiro-OMeTAD HTM should dope additives or not and discuss about the annealing condition of P3HT HTM. And then we discuss about some cell fabricate condition to optimize cell performance. Finally, we try to fabricating SnBr2 lead-free perovskite solar cells. In order to further improve the efficiency of SnBr2 lead free solar cells, we apply FDC, Solvent Annealing, and Adduct Method to our manufacturing process. Eventually, we find that SnBr2 90% device can reach 3% efficiency with the assist of using adduct method.