工具機控制系統功能性安全提昇－以CNC車銑複合機為例

Abstract

智慧機械安全已成為國際趨勢，近年來台灣工具機邁向兆元產業，主要以出口銷售為主，因此，必需符合國際安全規範要求，尤其以歐洲共同市場對於機械產品的安全監督管理最為嚴格，標準制定組織依據現今技術發展提出更新的安全設計，將原來迴路架構要求加入可靠度之概念，機械的本質安全未來將以機械安全控制系統功能性安全等級與可靠度為主。故歐盟發展出控制系統功能性安全迴路分析標準EN ISO 13849-1，此項要求不僅用於工具機，其它適用範圍擴及機器人、半導體設備與工業機械等。 本論文研究重點放在機械控制系統功能性安全設計，以提昇CNC車銑複合機安全迴路可靠度為目標，參考歐盟機械指令（2006/42/EC）、車床安全標準（EN ISO 23125）與安全迴路標準（EN ISO 13849-1）等相關安全標準為基礎，經由風險評估結果，針對控制系統相關安全迴路架構進行探討，使用歐盟官方之功能性安全分析軟體（SISTIMA）進行分析，並經過實機安全功能測試，與控制系統功能性安全理論相互印證，確實能夠達到更高的安全性，以保護操作者的安全。本論文結果可提供業界作為設計時之參考範例，同時亦可供業者做為設計標準或使用依據，將安全理念落實於機械設計中，進而提昇工具機產業安全水準。

Intelligent Mechanical safety has become an international trend, in recent years, Taiwan's machine tool is also moving towards trillion industry, mainly in export sales, therefore, must comply international safety requirements, especially in the European Common Market for mechanical products, safety supervision and management of the most stringent. The organization of standardization makes the safety design standard base on today's technology and add the original circuit structure requirements to the reliability concept, Intrinsically safe of mechanical safety control system will be mainly focus on the functional safety level and reliability. Therefore, the European Union has developed a functional safety control system of analysis standard EN ISO 13849-1, this requirement is not only for the machine tool, but also for other extended scope of application of robots, semiconductor equipment and industrial machinery. This study focuses on the functional safety design of the mechanical control system to improve the reliability of the CNC lathe safety system, the machine safety standard (EN ISO 23125), the safety circuit Standard (EN ISO 13849-1) and other relevant safety standards. Based on the results of risk assessment, the control system for the relevant safety circuit architecture is evaluated. This study uses the official EU functional safety analysis software (SISTIMA) for analysis. The results of real machine safety functional testing match the control systems functional safety theory. It indeed is able to achieve higher level of safety control system and to protect the safety of the operators. The results of this study can provide the industry a reference design example, can also be served as a design standard or be used as the basis of the safety concept for the mechanical design, thereby can enhance the machine tool industry safety level.