建築物防火避難綜合檢討報告書審查評定精進之研究

Abstract

財團法人台灣建築中心於民國93年12月15日經內政部公告指定為辦理建築物防火避難性能設計評定書及防火避難綜合檢討評定書專業評定機構，迄今已達10年，然建築中心之防火避難綜合檢討報告書審查要點從制訂後至今未曾修正。近年來防火避難法規、解釋令已有部分修正，審查要點恐有部分內容無法符合現況，擬藉防火避難審查評定相關意見彙整，提出防火避難綜合檢討報告書審查要點修正建議。 本文共分5章，有關文獻回顧主要針對我國防火性能法規演進歷程、內政部建築研究所防火避難相關研究進行探討，同時針對財團法人台灣建築中心執行審查評定之項目及要點進行分析，另研究案例為從93年12月至101年12月計208件經審查通過之案例，經彙整分析其防火避難綜合檢討報告書意見(約近11,600項)，發現各項意見中所佔比例較高者，為「防火避難特徵」、「防火區劃」、「排煙及消防活動」、「管理經營」等4類，並針對此4類之審查要點進行檢討及補充。其中，包含「防火區劃」有關之「排煙室」、「用途區劃」、「管道間區劃/維修門」、「防火間隔」、「防止延燒」等審查要點之增訂，以及「排煙及消防活動」有關之「消防救災活動空間」審查要點之增訂。 綜上，針對經防火避難綜合檢討審查認可通過建築物之空間使用及後續營運管理（包含公共安全檢查、消防安全檢修申報等內容），建議中央主管機關應參照建築公共安全檢查辦法及防火標章等制度建立後續查核機制，以維護公共安全。

Taiwan Architecture & Building Center (TABC) was assigned by the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) on December 15, 1994 for ten years as the appraisal agent on assessment of the performance-based design and comprehensive review of the fire evacuation plan of building, but the review checklist of comprehensive fire evacuation plan issued by TABC hasn’t been revised yet. In recent years many regulations on fire and evacuation safety were amended, such that the review checklist was afraid that some content may be not consistent with the current situation. In this study, the comments from the review and assessment of fire evacuation plan of many cases were aggregated and summarized to present the amendment proposal about review checklist of comprehensive fire evacuation plan. The content of this study was divided into five chapters. As to literatures review, the evolution of fire performance-based regulations and researches on fire evacuation conducted by Architecture and Building Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior (ABRI/MOI) were mainly investigated. Meanwhile, the review and appraisal items and key points executed in TABC were analyzed. By the way, studies of 208 cases reviewed from December 2004 to December 2012 were analyzed for review comments, approximately 11,600 comments in total. It was found that "Fire evacuation characteristics", "Fire compartment", "Smoke exhaust and fire-fighting activities" and "Management" were the top four categories of comments with higher proportion, therefore the review checklist of these categories were further reviewed and supplemented, including the revision of review checklists of "Smoke lobby", "Occupancy compartment", "Shaft compartment and access door", "Fire partition", "Prevention of fire spread" pertaining to "Fire compartment", revision of review checklists of "Space of fire and rescue activity" pertaining to "Smoke exhaust and fire fighting activities" and so on. To sum up, for the space use and subsequent operation management of building, including building public safety inspection and fire safety equipment inspection, appraised to pass the standards of comprehensive review, it was suggested that the central authorities should refer to the Public Safety Inspection Regulation and the Fire Safety Label scheme to established the continued inspection mechanism for maintaining public safety.