殖民性交易與性經驗作為生命權力的部署

Abstract

本論文是越南殖民時期性意識的係譜學的分析，反映相關此題目的文獻以及提出對此現象的另一種詮釋。 本論文採用傅柯的考古學方法，試圖透過越南殖民時期的雜誌、書、課本、格言或手冊的記載，畫出當時候針對性別、家庭、女性社會地位的論述 。基於這些歷史記載與資料，本論文將會畫出越南法屬時期的性意識史。 本論文將妓女、屈服女性、腐敗男性、寵壞兒童以及性病的身體視為殖民時期知識對象（傅柯概念），殖民時期的性意識定義為較具有「死亡政治」（thanatopolitics）特色的特殊生物政治的行為。 在這個體系，父權和一夫多妻制度家庭事實上被視為是一個部署聯盟、描述為傾向生命政治的規範，與其它殖民時期的生物政治的行為在殖民地生產各種界線，將殖民地的人口分成種族和階級的二元組合的分裂。河內藥房（監督當時賣淫的媒介）被視為是一個訓練機構與生命治理具有互相重疊。在殖民時期的越南，這個機構扮演不只是流行的性病管理的角色，還將女性受制於優選的男人。 本地論述將其墮落與道德衰落或社会腐败混合，同時使用在正在發生的傳統派、現代派以及寫實派或社會主義革命派之間的論證。基於係譜學的分析，此研究建構一個殖民時期性意識整體性的圖像，不僅是同與生物政治的行為和殖民時期中產階級的斷言，而此圖像也是越南現代性鬥爭的一部份，給越南共產主義的旗幟之下的更多階級性的確定形式的生命政治鋪平好一條路。

This dissertation is a genealogical analysis of Vietnamese colonial sexuality reflecting existing works on the topic and proposes a different interpretation of the phenomenon. This thesis applies Foucault’s archeological methods to map Vietnamese colonial discourse on sexuality, family, and women’s position in society, as seen in contemporary journals, magazines, books, textbooks, maxims and practical manuals or booklets. Based on these materials and historical data, this thesis draws on a colonial history of sexuality peculiar to French colonial Vietnam. The thesis views colonial prostitution, subjected women, perverted man, spoiled child and venereal afflicted body as objects of colonial knowledge in Foucaultian terms and colonial sexuality is conceptualized as a specific dispositive of biopower with more “thanatopolitics” connotations than its equivalent at the core. In this system, the patriarchal and polygamous family is viewed as de facto a deployment of alliance and described as a deviation from biopolitical norms that, together with other dispositives of colonial biopower, produced various bioracial boundaries cross-cutting the colonial population into a binary composition compromising various races and classes. The Hanoi dispensary (the main agent for policing contemporary prostitution) is viewed as a disciplinary institution having certain overlap with biopolitics. In colonial Vietnam, this institution served not only to manage contemporary pandemics of venereal diseases but also to subject women to (preferably well off) men. The indigenous discourse mixed its perversions with moral decline or social corruption and utilized it in ongoing colonial race wars between traditionalists, modernists and realists or socialist revolutionaries. Based on genealogical analysis, this study constructs a comprehensive picture of colonial sexuality, not only as a dispositive of biopower and an assertion of the colonial middle class, but also as part of a broader discursive struggle over Vietnamese modernity that paved a way for more class determined form of biopower under the banner of Vietnamese communism.