Bottle beam generation from a frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser

Abstract

We demonstrate, for the first time, the direct generation of a bottle beam with a well-isolated threedimensional zero-intensity dark core (high potential barrier) from a compact intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YVO4 laser with a nearly hemispherical cavity. We also numerically calculate the physical properties of the generated bottle beam using a coherent superposition of a series of frequency-locked Laguerre-Gaussian modes.