人人需要「補缺式移動」：身障者經驗的啓示

Abstract

本文試圖提出「補缺式移動」作為理解移動力的新取徑。這是從一般認為深陷移動困境的身障者經驗出發，來了解他們的移動策略如何構成，藉由其「低限」或「邊緣」處境來將移動力問題化。身障者的移動經驗對於我們理解移動力深具啟示。首先，身障者看似源於身體特質的行動不便，其實凸顯了當代實質環境和社會制度的缺陷，讓我們見到移動力牽涉了權力和權利。再者，身障者在惡劣條件下為了移動需求而塑造的「補缺式移動」策略，有助於我們重新界定移動力為由身體特質、科技物、社會關係、知識訊息、表意實踐和時空計畫共構而成的移動潛勢，並由相關行動者在特定條件下予以實現。這種補缺式移動並非專屬於身障者，而是人類共同處境。但是，不同行動者在這種補缺式移動之建構性網絡中的不同位置，又意味了移動力的差異。移動力的政治與倫理便蘊含於同與異的辯證中。

This paper aims to problematize mobility through discussions of moving experiences and strategies of the persons with physical disability, and proposing the concept of ”prosthetic mobility” as a new approach. Substantially and symbolically, disability is often defined through demobility and vice versa. However, both disability and (de) mobility are products of human-social construction which cannot be ascribed to personal physical properties only. And we can learn much from disabled people's moving experiences and strategies. Firstly, the social constructed de-mobility makes these persons develop specific sensibility towards their physical capacities and the ”disabled” built environment. Furthermore, in view of their moving strategies, we can define mobility as the moving potential of the coordination of bodily capacities, technological objects, social relationships, message-knowledge, signifying practices, and spatial-temporal projects. This relational-constructional view of ”prosthetic mobility” emphasizes the roles played by strategic actions in the construction and realization of mobility and the formation of subjectivity in mobility. Finally, the author argues that everyone engages in ”prosthetic mobility” to grasp life chances and resources. In face of the unequal construction and distribution of mobility as power, resource and right, rather than enhancing the physical moving capacity of ”disabled” persons, we should propose the radical transformation of social relations, technological logics, and spatial-temporal structures with reflections on the ideology of speed.