真實女人或創傷女人？：拉岡性分化公式與陰性蕩力論之性別政治效力初探

Abstract

精神分析對女性的種種詮釋不時受到女性主義者的質疑，例如拉岡認為女性無法被界定、普同的大寫女性不存在等等說法，都使他的理論不時被認為是將女性驅逐於符號層之外、讓女性遭致再次被邊陲化的命運。然而另一方面，深入拉岡理論本身去理解性別議題的論者，卻又多半認為要處理兩性問題應當以發展陰性蕩力為出路，認為陰性蕩力可以打破僵化的符號結構。拉岡的理論何以會引起這樣兩極化的反應？是因為女性主義者忽略了拉岡理論可能具有的性別政治效力嗎？還是推崇陰性蕩力的相關論述也有其必須進一步釐清的問題，否則確實可能在歌頌女性特質之際，反而漠視或合理化了女性邊陲、不利的處境？有鑒於拉岡的理論引起如此兩極化的反應，本論文首先從拉岡的性分化公式出發，探討兩性與大對體的關係如何使其發展出不同的蕩力形式，而在耙梳了拉岡理論對陰性蕩力的詮解之後，本論文所欲回答的問題就是，如果精神分析對於女性與真實層的連結並非意圖把女性放逐於符號層次之外，並非是透過歌頌真實女人來對創傷女人進行二度傷害，那麼其理論究竟對女性、蕩力、昇華、愛等糾結的問題做了如何的詮解，以至於能指向一個「兩性關係並不存在」的困局可以被處理的空間？綜而言之，本論文所關懷的核心議題便是，從拉岡對兩性關係的理解中，究竟能否、或如何開發出女性主義者所期待的性別政治效力？

The Lacanian assumption ”la femme n'existe pas”, which points to the impossibility of defining women, sounds dubious for some feminists as it runs the risk of further excluding women from the symbolic. On the other hand, the proponents of Lacanian psychoanalysis believe that women may start from their ”impossible” position to appropriate the feminine jouissance and further, to challenge the rigid symbolic order. Aiming to examine whether feminists should be faulted for misreading Freud's and Lacan's theories or their criticism is instrumental in locating the lacunae in psychoanalysis, this paper will take the graph of sexuation Lacan depicts in Seminar XX as a point of departure to explicate how both sexes' relation to the Other make them develop different forms of joussiance and why feminine joussiance may serve as a supplement to the symbolic structure. In short, what this paper seeks to elucidate is that, when Lacan assumes woman as closer than man to an identification with the traumatic real, he is not so much celebrating her real trauma as paving the way for us to perceive what woman suffers in the symbolic order. In this light, Lacan's theory of the feminine jousissance is consonant with rather than antithetical to feminism, as they both endeavor to deal with the problem concerning ”il n'y a pas de rapport sexuel”.