慾望城市：李永平、漫遊與看（不）見的鬼魂

Abstract

本文引申漫遊者與卑賤物的概念，討論李永平的《朱鴒漫遊仙境》(1998)，並釐清主人翁朱鴒等七名小女孩作為女性漫遊者，如何影響了漫遊體小說的內容與敘述特質。就漫遊者的主體性而言，她們占據了一個區間的位置：一方面，她們不屬於商品經濟體系的一環，因而避免成為拜物的上班小姐或女性血拼者；另一方面，她們對成人世界的知識提供了批判現實的基礎，拼貼出城市中色情工業、商品經濟與政治權力之間的曖昧關係。妓女與嫖客威脅著保有童真的女性漫遊者，但是色情行業所構成的炫目奇觀，卻也深深吸引著這群初初步入城市的孩童。政府一方面鄙棄色情行業為他者，以鞏固自身的道德主體性，但另一方面卻又無法否認色情行業對城市經濟的貢獻，而對其睜一隻眼閉一隻眼。最後，李永平的《雨雪霏霏：婆羅洲童年紀事》(2002)揭示：嫖客與妓女雖是漫遊者眼中的卑賤物，但卻不是可以完全客體化的他（她）者，反倒是男性恐懼與慾望的外射。然而，正因為漫遊者拒絕承認嫖客即是他內心的卑賤物，嫖客永遠在安全距離之外，成為逡巡的鬼魂；正因為漫遊者對自身的慾望以及對女性的恐懼，妓女永遠是無法理解的她者。她們終將如同鬼魂，面目模糊，可以被看見卻不被了解。

Through the concepts of flâneur and abject, this paper examines Li Yongping's Zhu Ling's Adventures in Wonderland, highlighting the heroine Zhu Ling as a female flâneur, the configuration of the sex industry, urban economy and the government, as well as the stereotypes of prostitutes and punters. Better than her male counterpart, Zhu Ling directly engages and negotiates with urban space, discovering its dangers and excitements at the same time. Through streetwalking, Zhu Ling, like a sociologist, reveals Janus's two faces of the sex industry-as a disdained abject and as a fascinating spectacle-and configures an erotic map loaded with contradictions. In the view of the government, prostitutes are immoral subjects whereas prostitution contributes to the development of urban economy. The sex industry thus becomes an abject from which the self-claimed moral government wishes to, but always fails to distinguish itself-the abject always comes back to haunt the subject. Similarly, although the prostitutes and their patrons appear as others vis-à-vis flâneur the subject, the fear of the temptresses may in fact reflect the weakness of the male subject and the abjective patrons may be seen as a screen on which the subject projects his ugly desire and thereby disavows his inner demon haunting his mind and body. Therefore, prostitutes and punters can only appear in Li Yongping's work as stereotypes, as phantoms that are simultaneously visible and invisible.