倫理規範的發展與公共性反思：以美國及台灣人類學為例

Abstract

本文以美國及台灣兩地人類學會倫理規範的發展過程為例，探討當前台灣的研究倫理討論中所呈現出的公共性問題。理解兩國人類學在發展過程中所面臨的特殊堅持，以及因而引發的倫理價值爭論與困境，有助於我們思考學術規範法制化所形塑的倫理意義與限制。在社會變遷的浪潮中，人類學的學科特性不斷提醒學者在面對倫理挑戰時，必須透過困惑、思索、掙扎，以謀求符合學科核心價值，但亦應參酌個人特殊情境與經驗的倫理決定。對於學科價值的論辯、對於非主流者的理解、以及對於多元文化的敏感性，是人類學倫理思考的根本。專業倫理規範應成為推動研究倫理的重心，並據此展開公共討論。

This article reveals the problem of publicness during the establishment of ethical oversight of human research in Taiwan. Through examining the development of anthropological codes of ethics in the United States and Taiwan, we come to understand the particular concerns of anthropology in these two societies, and that insight helps us reckon with the significance and constraints of institutionalizing research ethical oversight. Anthropology generally reminds scholars of their individual responsibility to grapple with ethical challenges in the context of cultural difference and social change. Constantly reflecting on the disciplinary cores, understanding the subaltern, and remaining sensitive to cultural difference constitute the fundamental ethical guidance of anthropology. The anthropological code of ethics should become the essence when making the discussion on research ethics public.