緬甸克倫難民的文化實踐與民族主義運動

Abstract

文化是一個民族被感知、被認識，並能持續存在的要素，也是民族主義人士得以驅動成員投入民族運動的關鍵。難民因為流離於家園，成為文化上失根的浮萍。文化是文化社群成員習得人我關係、倫理、認同等世界觀的來源。難民的認同或許會因為流離失所狀態而改變，但不會消失。難民的文化，會在難民營被重建。在泰緬邊境克倫難民營，由於泰國政府的難民和邊境管理政策、國際援助組織援助行動，加上難民營內教會、各個難民組織的文化活動，在難民營內建立屬於克倫民族流離失所的社會性文化，並且在此社會性文化之中，由於某種同時性，讓所有難民都被包覆其中，承襲民族主義的集體記憶。這種社會性文化，讓克倫難民不再是無文化的失根者，也成為克倫難民民族主義運動仍舊持續的重要原因。

Members of national community inherit the cosmology of the community by practicing their culture. Homelands of refugees are the places wherein their cultures take root. Because of being forced to take shelter in neighboring countries, refugees are perceived as people severing their ties with their cultures and loose the cosmology. However, in the Karen refugee camps at the Thai- Burma border, thanks to Thai authorities' border and refugee management policies, as well as international humanitarian assistance, the Karen refugees rebuild their culture in refugee camps. The rebuilt culture is called displaced societal culture. Within the societal culture, a simultaneity emerges and all members in refugee camps can thus inherit their collective memory. The existence of the societal culture is the reason why a nation can be objectively perceived and recognized, as well as the critical factor that nationalists can make use to mobilize ordinary people's nationalist consciousness. The Karen organizations also use the rebuilt culture to reshape, strength and/or incite ordinary people's nationalist consciousness.