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dc.contributor.authorLan, Chi-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Shang-Enen_US
dc.contributor.authorShiu, Jia-Weien_US
dc.contributor.authorHu, Jyun-Yuen_US
dc.contributor.authorLin, Meng-Hungen_US
dc.contributor.authorDiau, Eric Wei-Guangen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-08T15:28:45Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-08T15:28:45Z-
dc.date.issued2013en_US
dc.identifier.issn2046-2069en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/20813-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ra22807fen_US
dc.description.abstractA sol-gel method with a modified solvent comprising of three simple steps under low-temperature conditions was used to synthesize mono-disperse rutile TiO2 nanospheres with dandelion-like hierarchical morphology (DHRS) as a light-scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). 1,2-Ethanediol (ED) served as a key retardation agent in the second step at 25 degrees C to slow the hydrolysis and condensation of the TiCl4 aqueous solution prepared in the first step at 0 degrees C; the subsequent nucleation of a rutile type phase occurred homogeneously in the third step at 70 degrees C to generate the rutile TiO2 nanospheres with highly uniform sizes. The spherical sizes of DHRS were well controlled with the volume ratios of the ED-water solvent mixture in the second step, for which the DHRS of diameter 650-200 nm were produced from the solvent system containing 5-25% ED. A detailed mechanism is presented to rationalize the formation of nanospheres of uniform size in six steps: 1) hydration and hydrolysis, 2) hydrolysis and retardation, 3) hydrolysis and condensation, 4) homogeneous nucleation, 5) aggregation and growth of rod-like crystals and 6) DHRS formation. The DSSC device with a scattering layer made of DHRS (size similar to 300 nm) performed comparably to that with a scattering layer made of a commercially available TiO2 paste, making this nano-material a cost-effective alternative for future DSSC commercialization.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.titleFormation of size-tunable dandelion-like hierarchical rutile titania nanospheres for dye-sensitized solar cellsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1039/c2ra22807fen_US
dc.identifier.journalRSC ADVANCESen_US
dc.citation.volume3en_US
dc.citation.issue2en_US
dc.citation.spage559en_US
dc.citation.epage565en_US
dc.contributor.department應用化學系zh_TW
dc.contributor.department應用化學系分子科學碩博班zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Applied Chemistryen_US
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Molecular scienceen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000312196600036-
dc.citation.woscount8-
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