Analysis of Diurnal and Seasonal Behavior of Surface Ozone and Its Precursors (NOx) at a Semi-Arid Rural Site in Southern India

Abstract

Surface measurements of O-3, NO, NO2 and NOx have been made over a semi-arid rural site, Anantapur (14.62 degrees N; 77.65 degrees E; 331 m asl) in southern India, during January-December 2010. The highest monthly mean O-3 concentration was observed in April (56.1 +/- 9.9 ppbv) and the lowest in August (28.5 +/- 7.4), with an annual mean of 40.7 +/- 8.7 ppbv for the observation period. Seasonal variations in O3 concentrations were the highest during the summer (70.2 +/- 6.9 ppbv), and lowest during the monsoon season (20.0 +/- 4.7 ppbv), with an annual mean of 40.7 +/- 8.7 ppbv. In contrast, higher NOx values appeared in the winter (12.8 +/- 0.8 ppbv) followed by the summer season (10.9 +/- 0.7 ppbv), while lower values appeared in the monsoon season (3.7 +/- 0.5 ppbv). The results for O-3, NO and NO2 indicate that the level of oxidant concentration ([OX] = NO2 + O-3) at a given location is the sum of NOx-independent "regional contribution" (background level of O-3) and linearly NOx-dependent "local contribution". The O-3 concentration shows a significant positive correlation with temperature, and a negative correlation with both wind speed and relative humidity. In contrast, NOx have a significant positive correlation with humidity and wind speed, and negative correlation with temperature. The slope between [BC] and [O-3] suggests that every 1 mu g/m(3) increase in black carbon aerosol mass concentration causes a reduction of 4.7 mu g/m(3) in the surface ozone concentration. A comparative study using satellite data shows that annual mean values of tropospheric ozone contributes 12% of total ozone, while near surface ozone contributes 82% of tropospheric ozone. The monthly mean variation of tropospheric ozone is similar to that tropospheric NO2, with a correlation coefficient of +0.80.