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dc.contributor.authorFischer, Mary E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCruickshanks, Karen J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSchubert, Carla R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPinto, Alexen_US
dc.contributor.authorKlein, Barbara E. K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKlein, Ronalden_US
dc.contributor.authorNieto, F. Javieren_US
dc.contributor.authorPankow, James S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Guan-Huaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSnyder, Derek J.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-08T15:30:45Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-08T15:30:45Z-
dc.date.issued2013-06-01en_US
dc.identifier.issn0023-852Xen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23894en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/21964-
dc.description.abstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To determine the distribution of the perceived intensity of salt, sweet, sour, and bitter in a large population and to investigate factors associated with perceived taste intensity. Study Design: Cross-sectional population. Methods: Subjects (n = 2,374; mean age, 48.8 years) were participants in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study examined during 2005 to 2008. Perceived taste intensity was measured using paper disks and a general labeled magnitude scale. Multiple linear regression was performed. Results: Mean intensity ratings were: salt = 27.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 18.5), sweet = 0.4 (SD = 15.0), sour = 35.7 (SD = 21.4), and bitter = 49.6 (SD 23.3). Females and those with less than a college degree education rated tastes stronger. With adjustment for age, sex, and education, stronger perceived sour and bitter intensities were related to current smoking (sour: B = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 5.2; bitter: B = 2.8, 95% CI, 0.3 to 5.4) and lipid-lowering medications (sour: B = 5.1, 95% CI, 2.5 to 7.6; bitter: B = 3.2, 95% CI, 0.6 to 5.8). Alcohol consumption in the past year was related to weaker salt (B = -2.8, 95% CI, -5.3 to -0.3) and sweet intensity ratings (B = -2.3, 95% CI, -4.3 to -0.3), whereas olfactory impairment was associated with higher sweet ratings (B = 4.7, 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.9). Conclusions: Perceived intensities were strongest for bitter and weakest for sweet. Sex and education were associated with each taste, whereas age did not demonstrate a consistent relationship. Associations with other factors differed by tast-ants, with current smoking and alcohol consumption being related to some tastes.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectSalt tasteen_US
dc.subjectsweet tasteen_US
dc.subjectsour tasteen_US
dc.subjectbitter tasteen_US
dc.titleTaste Intensity in the Beaver Dam Offspring Studyen_US
dc.typeArticle; Proceedings Paperen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/lary.23894en_US
dc.identifier.journalLARYNGOSCOPEen_US
dc.citation.volume123en_US
dc.citation.issue6en_US
dc.citation.spage1399en_US
dc.citation.epage1404en_US
dc.contributor.department統計學研究所zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Statisticsen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000320784000016-
Appears in Collections:Conferences Paper