A Latent Profile Analysis of Self-Control and Self-Esteem and the Grouping Effect on Adolescent Quality of Life Across Two Consecutive Years

Abstract

This study explored the holistic configuration of self-control and self-esteem with Latent Profile Analysis and examined the effect of self profiles on five adolescent quality of life indicators, including deviant behavior, friendship, academic achievement, time management and life satisfaction. The sample included 488 Taiwan junior-high students selected from a panel data. Four-group solution is considered optimal across years. At time 1, the "Quality Selves" group (high SC-SE) had consistent best performance in all the adolescent quality of life indicators while the "Disadvantageous Selves" group (low SC-SE) displayed consistent the worst. Given the same level of SC in "Baseline" group and "Self-Esteem" group, higher SE in the "Self-esteem" was related to higher evaluation of life satisfaction while no difference was found in other 4 quality of life indicators. At time 2, "Self-Esteem" became the "SC-Improved" who had the same best quality of life as the "Quality Selves," while the "Baseline" was renamed as the "Lower Baseline" who performed similarly as the worst adjusted "Disadvantageous Selves" in indicators, except fewer deviant behaviors. Group membership was generally stable and self-profile transitions were more likely upward than downward. Along the adolescent period, findings suggest the level of SC need to be strengthened in order to sustain a good quality of life. Meanwhile, higher SE seems to be a propelling factor for students to gain better SC at a later time. Educational programs solely aim at cherishing self could move beyond for a double-core direction that also enhances adolescent social adaption with self-discipline training.