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dc.contributor.authorLan, Shang-Cheen_US
dc.contributor.authorRaghunath, Putikamen_US
dc.contributor.authorLu, Yueh-Hsinen_US
dc.contributor.authorWang, Yi-Chienen_US
dc.contributor.authorLin, Shu-Weien_US
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Chih-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Jian-Mingen_US
dc.contributor.authorLin, Ming-Changen_US
dc.contributor.authorWei, Kung-Hwaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-08T15:36:18Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-08T15:36:18Z-
dc.date.issued2014-06-25en_US
dc.identifier.issn1944-8244en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am501659uen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/24633-
dc.description.abstractIn this study we synthesized three acceptor donor acceptor (A-D-A) organic molecules, TB3t-BT, TB3t-BTT, and TB3t-BDT, comprising 2,2\'-bithiophene (BT), benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b\':5,6-d \'\']trithiophene (BTT), and benzo[ 1,2-b;4,5-b\']dithiophene (BDT) units, respectively, as central cores (donors), terthiophene (3t) as pi-conjugated spacers, and thiobarbituric acid (TB) units as acceptors. These molecules display different degrees of coplanarity as evidenced by the differences in dihedral angles calculated from density functional theory. By using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractions for probing their crystallization characteristics and molecular packing in active layers, we found that the symmetry and coplanarity of molecules would significantly affect the melting/crystallization behavior and the formation of crystalline domains in the blend film with fullerene, PC61BM. TB3t-BT and TB3t-BDT, which each possess an inversion center and display high crystallinity in their pristine state, but they have different driving forces in crystallization, presumably because of different degrees of coplanarity. On the other hand, the asymmetrical TB3t-BTT behaved as an amorphous material even though it possesses a coplanar structure. Among our tested systems, the device comprising as-spun TB3t-BDT/PC61BM (6:4, w/w) active layer featured crystalline domains and displayed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.1%. In contrast, the as-spun TB3t-BT/PC61BM (6:4, w/w) active layer showed well-mixed morphology and with a device PCE of 0.2%; it increased to 3.9% after annealing the active layer at 150 degrees C for 15 min. As for TB3t-BTT, it required a higher content of fullerene in the TB3t-BTT/PC61BM (4:6, w/w) active layer to optimize its device PCE to 1.6%.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectbulk heterojunctionsen_US
dc.subjectorganic solar cellen_US
dc.subjectsolution-processed small moleculesen_US
dc.subjectcrystallizationen_US
dc.titleSymmetry and Coplanarity of Organic Molecules Affect their Packing and Photovoltaic Properties in Solution-Processed Solar Cellsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/am501659uen_US
dc.identifier.journalACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACESen_US
dc.citation.volume6en_US
dc.citation.issue12en_US
dc.citation.spage9298en_US
dc.citation.epage9306en_US
dc.contributor.department材料科學與工程學系zh_TW
dc.contributor.department應用化學系zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringen_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Applied Chemistryen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000338184500047-
dc.citation.woscount3-
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