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dc.contributor.authorTang, CWen_US
dc.contributor.authorHang, HMen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-08T15:41:07Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-08T15:41:07Z-
dc.date.issued2003-04-01en_US
dc.identifier.issn1053-587Xen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2003.809367en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/27980-
dc.description.abstractA robust digital image watermarking scheme that combines image feature extraction and image normalization is proposed. The goal is to resist both geometric distortion and signal processing attacks. We adopt a feature extraction method called Mexican Hat wavelet scale interaction. The extracted feature points can survive a variety of attacks and be used as reference points for both watermark embedding and detection. The normalized image of an image (object) is nearly invariant with respect to rotations. As a result, the watermark detection task can be much simplified when it is applied to the normalized image. However, because image normalization is sensitive to image local variation, we apply image normalization to nonoverlapped image disks separately. The disks are centered at the extracted feature points. Several copies of a 16-bit watermark sequence are embedded in the original image to improve the robustness of watermarks. Simulation results show that our scheme can survive low-quality JPEG compression, color reduction, sharpening, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, row or column removal, shearing, rotation, local warping, cropping, and linear geometric transformations.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectfeature extractionen_US
dc.subjectgeometric distortionen_US
dc.subjectimage normalizationen_US
dc.subjectMarr waveleten_US
dc.subjectrobust watermarken_US
dc.titleA feature-based robust digital image watermarking schemeen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/TSP.2003.809367en_US
dc.identifier.journalIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSINGen_US
dc.citation.volume51en_US
dc.citation.issue4en_US
dc.citation.spage950en_US
dc.citation.epage959en_US
dc.contributor.department電子工程學系及電子研究所zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronicsen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:000181685800006-
dc.citation.woscount163-
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