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dc.contributor.authorGIBSON, JDen_US
dc.contributor.authorCHANG, WWen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-08T15:05:13Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-08T15:05:13Z-
dc.date.issued1991-06-01en_US
dc.identifier.issn0090-6778en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/3761-
dc.description.abstractWe present both forward and backward adaptive speech coders that operate at 9.6, 12, and 16 kb/s using integer and fractional rate trees, weighted squared error distortion measures, the (M,L) tree search algorithm, and incremental path map symbol release. We introduce the concept of multitree source codes and illustrate how the multitree structure allows scalar quantizer-based codes and scalar adaptation rules to be used for fractional rate tree coding. With a frequency weighted distortion measure, the forward and backward adaptive multitree coders produce near toll quality speech at 16 kb/s, while the backward adaptive 9.6 kb/s multitree coder substantially outperforms adaptive predictive coding and has an encoding delay less than 2 ms. Performance results are presented in terms of unweighted and weighted signal-to-noise ratio and segmental signal-to-noise ratio, sound spectrograms, and subjective listening tests.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.titleFRACTIONAL RATE MULTITREE SPEECH CODINGen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.journalIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONSen_US
dc.citation.volume39en_US
dc.citation.issue6en_US
dc.citation.spage963en_US
dc.citation.epage974en_US
dc.contributor.department電信工程研究所zh_TW
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Communications Engineeringen_US
dc.identifier.wosnumberWOS:A1991FZ98000019-
dc.citation.woscount7-
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