限制理論應用在雷射加工機產業之庫存管理改善

Abstract

消費者需求導向的時代，資材管理最重要目標是在正確時間擁有正確存貨。能滿足訂單需求而不缺料，又希望能持有較低的存貨則會落入應建立高低庫存的爭議與衝突中，我們是否有系統的方法與工具來改善此衝突問題。限制理論提到「瓶頸」是整個作業流程中最低產能，供應鏈的關鍵零組件也是供應鏈中限制條件，持續改善關鍵零組件的流程將是資源管理重點。本研究以雷射加工機產業為案例，透過TOC Demand-Pull和精實供應鏈同步流程觀念，運用策略與戰術的系統方法達成提升存貨週轉率目標。多樣少量將是消費者需求時代持續發展的趨勢，高彈性及交期短的配合供料成為常態，所以有效運用資源限制將是世界級工廠資源管理的目標。

In the consumer demand-oriented era, the most critical goal of material management is focused on the accurate inventory at the proper time. In order to be capable of meeting purchase order requirements without any material shortage, while at the same time attempt to maintain a relatively low inventory, the controversy of whether to establish a low or high inventory would become a dilemma and generate conflicts. The point of this issue is whether we possess the systematic methods and tools to resolve this dilemma. The theory of Constraints (TOC) mentions that the “bottleneck” is the lowest productivity level of the overall operation process, and the critical component of the supply chain is, moreover, the constraint factor in the supply chain. The process of continuous improvement of the critical component production flow will be the point of focus for material management.

This study will employ the laser-processing machinery industry as example, which applies TOC Demand-Pull and the simultaneous process concepts of Lean Supply Chain, and utilizes the systematic methods of strategies and tactics to achieve the goal of enhancing inventory turnover. In the consumption era, the continuing trend of development will be product variety at a relatively small quantity scale. Collaborative material supply with high degrees of flexibility and a short delivery period will become a norm; thus, the effective utilization of resource constraints will emerge as the resource management goal of the world-class plants.