标题: | 应用品质工程模式于产品感性设计 The Application of Quality Engineering Approach on Affective Product Design |
作者: | 陈俊智 Chun-chih, Chen 庄明振 Ming-Chuen Chuang 应用艺术研究所 |
关键字: | 使用者满意度;感性工学;Kano模式;灰色田口方法;多属性/准则决策;user satisfaction;Kansei engineering;Kano model;Grey-based Taguchi method;multiple-attribute/criterion decision making |
公开日期: | 2007 |
摘要: | 本研究以品质导向、多品质/准则决策、二维品质Kano model与使用者满意度之概念,取代传统感性工学之单一品质/准则分析与品质与满意度为线性的假设,系统性地探讨产品造形参数、感性品质与使用者满意度之关联。研究针对感性品质与使用者满意度提升过程所面对的相关课题:重要造形因子的确定、感性品质度量与掌握模式之建立、使用者需求的定位与规划、使用者需求的具体化,与使用者对需求达成满意度的衡量等,系列性地进行探讨。相关研究方法与结果如下: (1).首先,提出一整合产品形态特征与构成关系之形态分析模式,进行水壶为例之感性工学探讨,确认重要造形因子。研究结果验证此整合分析模式,确能比单纯考虑形态特征之分析模式更有效地掌握使用者的感性与偏好。 (2).接着整合田口方法与灰关联分析,以手机为例,进行美感品质最佳化模式的推导,以达到整体品质最大化与最小变异的稳健设计目标。结果证明了此灰色田口方法确能有效达成感性品质度量与稳健设计之目标。 (3). 为解决使用者需求定位与需求的具体化目标,整合田口与Kano model进行美感设计最佳化。研究先藉由权重方法取得各感性品质之权重,再应用“Kano品质双向问卷调查法”对各感性品质予以分类,并根据品质判定结果进行权重的调整,取得使用者满意度提升所须的品质优先排序,有效地解决多品质权衡取舍,并进一步推论手机最佳化造形设计,有效提升使用者美感满意度。 (4).为有效厘清使用者需求,应用Kano回归分析方法,探讨产品感性品质绩效与满意度之间的不同相关性,以为感性品质优先排序判断之依据。同时,提出一Extended Kano model,在原有之魅力的(A)、一元的(O)、必要的(M)、无差异的(I)与反向的(R)品质之外,提出一望目的(NB)品质分类,并将反向的品质细分为-A、-O、-M与-NB,更完整解释使用者对于感性品质的需求特性。并进一步提出一资源分配模式,根据品质绩效之优劣势分析与品质之Kano分类结果,求得数量化之资源分配比例,提供设计者作多品质设计决策之最适化资源规划。 (5).最后,比较Kano“回归分析”推论模式(多属性效益函数)、“Kano满意系数”推论模式与FAHP权重模式的使用者感性满意度推论,并藉由验证实验,证明以“使用者需求”导向,“二维品质”Kano model为基础之Kano回归满意度推论模式,优于其他两种模式。同时,利用数量化一类分析,建立造形因子/水准与不同Kano品质分类之数值关系。并整合分析结果与Kano model之二维品质观点,提出设计造形类目选择之判定准则,与“参数效益值分析”方法,协助设计者了解产品各造形因子对于使用者满意度的影响性,以作为设计者手机造形设计最佳化与品质改善之设计参数选择的权衡依据。 本研究藉由实际设计案例(水壶与手机)的分析与验证,证明Kano品质模式、最佳化参数设计、多品质改善率推论与使用者满意度推论模式、参数效益值分析方法等的应用,确能协助设计者解决产品感性设计之多属性、多参数权衡,达到满意度有效提升之目标。而研究所提出之相关方法与模式,亦可推广至其他产品(品质)设计之应用。 In this study, we systematically explore the relationship between product forms, affective attributes, and affective user satisfaction with product design for resolving the problem of Kansei engineering on design optimization. Kansei engineering uses a uni-dimensional construction to deduce the ideal product design for achieving the desired performance for a specific attribute, while without considering the relationships between affective attributes and user satisfaction. To overcome these shortcomings, the robust design approach and two-dimensional Kano model are applied for resolving the difficult trade-off of multiple-attribute decision making for effective enhancing user satisfaction. The issues related with user satisfaction are systematically discussed in this study, including: identifying the user needs and important design parameters, constructing the quality model of affective attributes of product design, constructing the optimal design model for affective user satisfaction, and building the affective user satisfaction inference model. The results of the research are described as following: (1).Firstly, we propose a modified kansei engineering system based on the form element features and feature composition to effectively explain the users’ affective evaluations on product design. Using the kettle designs as examples, a series of statistical analyses was conducted to compare the difference between the modified model and the traditional model, a form element feature-oriented model. The result indicates that the modified kansei system is more valid on explaining users’ perception of affective attributes. (2).For enhancing aesthetic user satisfaction with considering multiple criteria and reducing the variation of users’ evaluations simultaneously, the robust design approach which combining grey relational analysis and Taguchi method is applied to optimize the aesthetic quality of mobile phone designs. The result of confirmation experiment concludes that the optimized design of multiple aesthetic criteria characteristics has a superior performance on quality maximized and variation minimized in overall performance. It verifies that the robust design approach can be applied to measure and manage not only objective, but also subjective quality. (3). A robust design approach incorporating the Kano model is proposed to obtain the optimal combination of design form elements. The Kano model is used to better understand the relationship between performance criteria and user satisfaction. A weight adjustment process based on Kano model analysis is proposed to magnify the weights of higher-return criteria in increasing user satisfaction. This process guides the prioritizing of multiple criteria, resolving the trade-off situation of multiple criteria optimization and leading to higher user satisfaction. The proposed approach then is applied to infer the optimal mobile phone design of aesthetic quality with multiple criteria characteristics. The results show that the generated optimal design can effectively enhance overall aesthetic performance and user satisfaction. (4).The regression method of Kano classification is used to help designers explore the different effects on user satisfaction, prioritize attributes and allocate resource in this study. According to the Kano model, attributes should be classified into different categories, must-be(M), one-dimensional(O), attractive(A), indifferent(I) and reversal qualities(R), depending on their ability to create user satisfaction or cause dissatisfaction. Considering the difference of user perception between subjective and physical quality attributes, an extended Kano model comprising one additional quality types beyond the conventional Kano model, i.e. nominal-the-better (NB) and further distinguishing the reversal qualities(R) into four sub-types (-A, -O, -M and -NB), is proposed and discussed. Result shows that the proposed extended Kano model, can appropriately classify quality attributes into suitable quality categories in a systematic and comprehensive manner. While, a formula combining a decision matrix with the Kano classification results was further proposed to infer the proper proportions which should be allocated to each attribute for improvement. It can help designers resolve the trade-offs dilemma in multiple-attribute optimization of user satisfaction and direct the improvement efforts of attributes in different competitive situation in the development of a new product design. (5).Finally, the model integrated with the additive multi-attribute utility function and Kano model is proposed to infer affective user satisfaction with mobile phone designs. The regression method of Kano classification is applied to explain the quantitative relationship between attributes performance and user satisfaction in this model. To verify the validity of the proposed model, the inference models of the additive weighting method, FAHP and Kano’s coefficient weighting method, are also constructed for comparisons. The result of verification shows that the proposed integrative model based on the Kano model can more accurately infer the affective user satisfaction than the other models. While, Quantitative Theory Type Ι analysis was used to explore the effect of each form level belonging to each form item on different Kano quality classifications. A parameter utility method based on Kano model is also proposed. The proposed approach then is applied to infer the optimal mobile phone design of affective user satisfaction with multiple criteria characteristics. The results show that it can help designers resolve the trade-offs dilemma of choosing the optimal combination of product form design in multiple-attribute optimization of user satisfaction. Results of this study verify that the application of Kano model and these proposed models can help designers to better understand user affective requirements, to resolve the trade-off dilemma in multiple criteria decision making and to prioritize actions and resource allocation to guide ideal product conception for enhancing maximum affective user satisfaction. Although these proposed approaches in this study use mobile phone designs and kettle designs as examples, with some adjustment, they may be equally applicable to other product (quality) design with multiple criteria characteristics. |
URI: | http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT009042801 http://hdl.handle.net/11536/39824 |
显示于类别: | Thesis |