捷運工程乙式計價項目量化分析之研究

Abstract

由於捷運工程施工工期長，工程項目眾多且複雜，針對無法以明確單位計價的項目或是尚未確認施工工法的項目，大多採取以「1式」做為計價單位，這些項目即為乙式計價項目。在捷運工程中乙式計價項目可分為二類，第一類為各工程標皆具備的項目，包括一般規定、安全衛生費、環境保護費、品質管理費等，此類項目之費用主要是配合工程進展而發生，這些項目價金之訂定有一定之比例。另一類則為按各工程標之特性而有不同的乙式計價項目，例如：建物保護、建物拆除等項目僅存在某些工程內。本研究主要以上述第一類之乙式計價項目為研究範圍。 目前捷運工程現行契約對於乙式計價項目之規定，為施工廠商於施工前30天提出詳細分析資料。然而因為無明確規範，導致各工程標於開工初期，業主與施工廠商皆須針對第一類乙式計價項目，耗費時間與人力辦理乙式計價之量化分析工作。由於既為各工程標通案之項目，若能於契約中明定其計價之量化方式，應可減少工程初期雙方協調工作及爾後乙式計價爭議之發生。 本研究藉由案例調查了解目前施工中的標案乙式計價項目之量化情形，並針對3件實際案例，分別運用不同量化比例方法(包括工期比例法、工程進度百分比法、計價進度百分比法等方法)，探討採用不同方法所造成差異之情況。經過本研究分析後，發現不同的量化方式對於施工廠商實際可請領之總金額並無差異，但因請領時間不同將造成利息上的損失，為求其公平與後續計價簡易方便，透過與捷運工程業主及施工廠商之專家訪談後，建議將乙式計價之相關規定置於契約條款中，並採用「工期比例法」做為量化分析之基礎，使後續各工程標案於計價時能有所依循並達到雙贏之目的。

In a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) construction project, the construction duration usually is very long and construction cost items (or pay items) are numerous. For those pay items that cannot easily quantified or their associated construction methods have not yet defined, they are treated to be “lump-sum-based pay items”. Such lump-sum-base-dpay items in a MRT project are divided into two categories, namey, Class-I and Class-II. Pay items of Class-I category are common for every MRT project and are such as general requirements, safety protention fees, environmental protection fees, and quality control fees. Pay items of Class-II category vary in different MRT projects. For example, pay items of ground treatment, protection of buildings/structures, site clearance, and demolition only appear in certain MRT projects. This study focuses on the lump-sum-based pay items fallen in Category-I. According to the contractual provisions related to lump-sum-based pay items in current MRT contracts, constractors are required to propose the details and methods for quantifying the lump-sum-based pay items by 30 days before construction. However, without clear specifications or guidelines of the aforementioned quantification method, arguments frequently arise between owners and contractors. Consequently, time and manpower are wasted. If the benefits and disbenefits of using different quantitifcation methods can be investgated, as well as the guidelines are speficed in the MRT contracts, those arguments can be reduced and costs can be saved. Through case studies, this study was to understand the existing building standards of a lump-sum payments based on the situation, for three cases, using different methods to quantify the comparative (including: the proportion of time, the proportion of progress, the proportion of payments made to contractors, etc.), explore different ways to the situation caused by the difference. after analysis of this study，not the same as the method of the results, the total amount of suppliers to apply for there was no significant difference, payments at different times, will lead to loss of interest, in order to follow a fair and simple, Through expert interviews, In accordance with the provisions of the contract sum of the relevant provisions of the proposed more specific, "the proportion of time" as the basis for quantitative analysis, so that the project follow-up Landmark case on pricing can be followed and the purpose of reaching a win-win situation.