标题: 建立同时部分硝化、厌氧氨氧化及脱硝系统
Development of Simultaneous Partial Nitrification, Anammox and Denitrification (SNAD) process
作者: 王至诚
Wang, Chih-Cheng
林志高
Lin, Jih-Gaw
环境工程系所
关键字: 厌氧氨氧化;部分硝化;垃圾渗出水;Anammox;Partial nitrification;landfill-leachate
公开日期: 2010
摘要: 以生物方法去除水中氨氮,传统上都以硝化脱硝两个步骤来进行。在硝化时需要大量的曝气动力提供氧气作为电子接受者,使氨氮转换为硝酸盐而进行脱硝步骤。脱硝需要加入大量的有机物作为电子提供者,此方法不仅使得操作费用提升,更有可能导致处理效率低落时,有机物随着放流水排出,成为另一种污染源。再者,在脱硝不完全时将会产生一氧化二氮此种温室气体,而加剧温室效应。本研究将建立一种新颖脱硝方法,“同时部分硝化、厌氧氨氧化及脱硝技术”,将约莫二分之一的氨氮硝化成亚硝酸盐后,利用氨氮作为电子提供者,亚硝酸盐为电子接受者,直接进行脱硝,不需要添加任何有机物,也可节省一半以上的曝气费用。再者,若污水中含有少量之有机物,亦可进行脱硝,去除有机物。同时部分硝化、厌氧氨氧化及脱硝技术比较传统方法可节省60%以上的费用。
本文中将找寻适当污泥,并针对所取得之污泥进行16S-rRNA分析,比对基因库中相关文献的菌种相似度,以确认取得污泥中有所需要之厌氧氨氧化菌。同时进行质能平衡之计算,探讨氮在本系统中的流布。在实验室中建立一组稳定操作之反应槽,以垃圾掩埋场渗出水作为进流,探讨在不同的氮负荷及有机负荷条件下部分硝化、厌氧氨氧化及脱硝程序之氨氮去除效能。结果发现,氮负荷率的提升会影响处理效率,经处理后亚硝酸盐氮浓度几乎趋近于零,而硝酸盐氮浓度则不超过36 mg/L,氨氮去除效率最高可达94%。经模式计算后,渗出水总氮的去除在此程序中有69-88%是藉由部分硝化及厌氧氨氮氧化所完成,而化学需氧量去除率则只有21-45%。最后分析污泥中菌相的分布,利用qPCR进行分析,包括好氧氨氧化菌,好氧亚硝酸盐氧化菌,厌氧氨氧化菌以及与总菌数之间的比例。本研究成功地利用同时部分硝化、厌氧氨氧化及脱硝程序去除污水中含有氮及有机污染物,并证实所驯养的微生物包含厌氧氨氧化菌。
The Simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) and denitrification (SNAD) process is an innovative biotechnology for the replacement of the traditional nitrification followed by denitrification. The advantage of the SNAD process include less than 60% of operation cost from aeration over the traditional nitrification followed by denitrification, because only half of ammonium stream is required to converting intonitrite and consequently couples the other half of ammonium stream to nitrogen gas. Moreover, the other merit of the SNAD process could remove organic matter by denitrification in the same reactor, which is not able to accomplish by the other autotrophic denitrification processes. The SNAD process was successfully operated in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) landfill-leachate treatment plant and in a lab-scale sequence batch reactor (SBR). To reveal the SNAD microbial community in the landfill-leachate treatment plant, the 16S rRNA of the sludge from it was analyzed by the molecular tools, which are DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The result of the 16S rRNA analysis identified that Anammox bacteria were dominant in the SNAD process. On the other hand, we confirm that the Anammox activity contribute most of nitrogen removal by a nitrogen mass balance approach . The result from it indicated the total nitrogen (TN) removal from the combined partial nitrification and Anammox route accounted for 75.5%, while the heterotrophic denitrification contributed to TN removal of 7.7% and COD removal of 23.2%.
For the lab-scale study, the lab-scale SBR SNAD process was initially inoculated the biomass from the full-scale landfill-leachate treatment plant. After adaptation of the biomass, four stages (I to IV) with varying nitrogen loading rate (NLR)was examined for the process performance. The increase of the NLR reduced the ammonium removal proportionately. The nitrite concentration was close to zero and the nitrate concentration was less than 36 mg/L in all the stages during the operation period. The total nitrogen removal in the SBR resulted mainly from partial nitrification and Anammox (69-88%) that was evaluated by a stoichiometric model. Overall, the SNAD process offers validated performance on simultaneous nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal economic-friendly.
URI: http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT079219803
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/40407
显示于类别:Thesis


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