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dc.contributor.author謝翠如en_US
dc.contributor.authorHsieh, Tsuei-Juen_US
dc.contributor.author陳一平en_US
dc.contributor.authorChen, I-Pingen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-12T01:22:27Z-
dc.date.available2014-12-12T01:22:27Z-
dc.date.issued2009en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT079242801en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11536/40454-
dc.description.abstract色彩是萬物所呈現出來的鮮明視覺特徵,而語言則是高等認知功能的表現,探討複雜的色彩經驗如何由語言的方式傳達,遂成為可瞭解先天心智與文化相依性的重要學術議題之一。近半個世紀以來,由人類學、語言學、色彩科學及心理學等跨領域學者共同開啟了色彩知覺和語言互動的研究方向,此議題對於這些學門而言有著不同性質的重要意義:對心理學取向而言,色彩語言的研究成果提供關於大腦功能與文化對於知覺影響的解釋;而對於人類學及語言學者而言,色彩用語的複雜度或可視為社會成熟度的指標,跨文化間色彩用詞發展的共通性也揭示了人類語言演化的隱藏規律;而對色彩科學而言,以語言類別作為心理尺度的色彩度量方式具有較高層次的認知意義,可與傳統測色學當中以色彩區辨或視覺差異閼等較為基礎的色彩感覺單位互為參照,以補足採取不同認知層次的色彩感覺尺度於理論基礎及實務應用上的限制。 將色彩感覺以語言的方式編碼的行為(即色彩命名)源於人腦對於環境刺激以類別化的方式來處理的特性。色光是複雜而連續的刺激,色彩知覺的機制由從基礎的生理層次開始就以類別化的方式將資訊簡化、分類、進而完成迅速有效的辨識。語言色彩類別是整個色彩知覺當中對色彩經驗最概念化的表現,亦即我們會將某頻段的色光、一群可辨識出調子不同的相近色彩歸為同一類別,並以一個色彩詞彙涵蓋描述,例如紅色。在相關領域當中的一個核心爭議是:語言色彩類別的現象是先天且普遍的、還是會受到文化所規範?中文母語者心裡的「紅色」一詞所涵蓋的色彩範圍是否跟英語母語者心裡的“red”是一樣的嗎?此問題引起相當多論辯及實徵資料佐證,例如起始於柏克萊大學語言學系學者的基本色名研究、世界色彩語言調查(WCS)等。然而,過去相關文獻以中文為研究對象的資料卻顯著不足,有鑑於此,本論文主旨為以中文母語者作為研究對象,探討中文語境下的色彩詞彙以及語言色彩類別的現象。 本論文重點有三,分別以實徵調查達成研究目的,重點一:瞭解中文色彩詞彙的使用現況:為達成此研究目的,執行一個189位中文母語者參與的色彩詞彙自由回想作業,取得約五千個色名樣本,並以敘述統計描述其重複性與多樣性。重點二:執行一個由36名中文母語者參與的色彩自由命名實驗,以121個在螢幕呈現、規律取樣的色彩為刺激,以色名、反應時間及信心分數三項為依變項,此實驗目的在於瞭解在中文色彩命名行為當中的反應特徵,以及經常被使用的色名。重點三:建立以中文母語者的語言色彩類別在標準色彩空間(CIE1931 x-y diagram)上的對應範圍,這部分的實驗為以12個中文基本色名作為選項、461個考慮色相、彩度與亮度並且規律取樣的螢幕色彩作為刺激,讓44位受試者進行選色實驗,研究結果可作為考量語意的色彩系統之建立參考,另外比較中文與其他語言的語言色彩類別範圍在分佈上的異同,可作為色彩用語研究的兩個傳統理論框架,「普遍主義」(Universalism)或「相對主義」(Relativism)的實徵證據。 根據本論文的三個系列研究結果可歸納出以下發現:1.在自由回想與自由命名實驗當中,有12個中文色彩詞彙具有高度的回溯率及重複性,包括紅、橘、黃、綠、藍、紫、黑、灰、白、咖啡、粉紅、桃紅等,這些詞彙符合相關文獻當中的11個基本色名的類別,其中粉紅與桃紅兩個色名雖屬同一類別、且也不符基本色名的「單詞」(monolexemic)之定律,但兩者在語言色彩類別空間的「焦點」(foci)位置明顯有區隔,在理論上或可視為中文之基本色名。2.自由命名結果顯示常用的中文色調修飾詞(tone modifier)包括亮、暗、淡、粉、淺、深、偏以及正。3.與英語色彩自由命名研究的結果相較之下,中文色彩命名的行為趨向於使用較多的複合色名、較少的基本色名及單詞色名,而且中文命名作業所需的反應時間較長,受試者對於色彩命名的平均信心度也較低。4.與同樣觀測條件的日語色彩類別範圍研究結果相較,本研究的藍色與綠色之定義範圍顯著異於日語研究結果,另外灰色與咖啡色的定義範圍在中文與日文也略有不同。5.由比較由自由命名以及12色名選色兩個實驗的結果顯示:受試者針對介於藍、綠及紫色類別範圍的刺激進行命名作業時,比其他刺激需要更長的反應時間,但是同樣範圍的刺激在選色作業的反應時間卻是相對短的。這表示此三者的色彩類別的判斷難度會因作業要求而有所差異,在強迫選擇(force-choice)時的反應時間短、作業難度低,而且實驗結果的集中趨勢較高;而在自由命名作業之下的反應時間長、而且命名結果集中趨勢相對較低,由此現象可推論形容藍、綠至紫色調的中文色名在使用上較為複雜,其選擇或回溯時的難度較高。 整體而言,本論文以實徵調查及實驗的方式提供中文色彩語言研究領域的重要參考資料,包括整合兩種色名調查方法所得結果歸納現行的中文基本色名,這些色名不同於以往文獻中所使用的字辭典中英翻譯,與實際普遍的用語有所出入。另外本研究之結果也可作為跨語言色彩類別研究的中文參考資料,相對於其他世界語言、過去中文的實徵研究數量是相對稀少的。再者,本研究的發現也可作為中文與顏色彩類別研究的基礎框架,相對於英文的相關研究的系統與規模而言,中文在基本色名、次要色名(secondary color term)、以及色名演化結構等方面都尚有進一步探討的空間。zh_TW
dc.description.abstractThe lexical color categorization is a critical mechanism within color perception, which involves sorting visual responses of lights into certain color categories and coding them with language. The issue of verbalizing color experience, or color naming, had drawn many attentions from visual psychologists, linguistic anthropologists, and color scientists. Some anthropologists suspected that the amount of color vocabulary circulated within a language could be positively related to the technological and cultural complexity held by the speakers. However, the development status of Mandarin regarding color categories and the naming could not be fully clarified based on the existing data. Besides the theoretical impact on linguistic anthropology, the behavior of naming the color experience is also considered a mirror reflecting the cognitive structure of inner structure of color space. English color naming is a well-discussed topic, and there were over a hundred of different languages in previous extensive color naming survey (WCS). However, there is still a considerable vacancy of empirical color naming data in the relevant domain. The study aims at establishing the groundwork of lexical color terms and categories in Mandarin by collecting empirical data from native speakers. This fundamental-orientated study holds several specific objectives: 1. to investigating synchronic Mandarin color lexicon and the popularity of frequent color vocabularies. 2. to acquire behavioral data of color naming. 3. to determine Mandarin basic color terms by analyzing results of empirical the survey. 4. to locating Mandarin speakers’ foci and boundaries of known lexical color categories in a standardized chromaticity diagram. The empirical works in the study includes: 1. a free-recall survey of prevalent color terms involving 189 informants who are native Mandarin speakers. The gathered data would help establishing color lexicon of current cultural context. 2. a free color naming experiment with written color terms and response times as dependent variables. It is supposed that these variables provide not only the simple popularity counts of color terms, but also an index to the psychological links between color categorization and naming. 3. a 12-terms color sorting experiment. There are 461 color stimuli varying in hue, saturation and brightness in this experiment and participants were asked to sort them into twelve color terms. The results of the three empirical works found 1. there are twelve Mandarin color terms are consistently recalled and named, 紅(Hung), 橘(Ju), 黃(Huang), 綠(Lu), 藍(Lan), 紫(Zi), 黑(Hei), 灰(Hui), 白(Bai), 咖啡(Ka-fei), 粉紅(Feng-Hung) and 桃紅(Tao-hung). These terms are corresponding to the eleven color categories found by linguistic anthropologists Berlin and Kay, and can be regarded as basic Mandarin color terms. 2. There are eight tone modifiers found to be frequently used in the free naming experiment,亮(bright),暗(dark), 淡(pale), 粉(powder), 淺(light), 深(deep), 偏(-ish), and正(central, correct). 3. Comparing with English color naming study, current Mandarin color naming result in using more compound color terms and less basic or monolexemic color terms. The response times of Mandarin color naming are longer, and participants’ confidence scores are lower. 4. Comparing the current results with Japanese color sorting experiment in similar viewing condition, the location of blue-green boundary is quite different in two studies. Generally, this study conducted the exploratory survey on modern Mandarin color terms and color naming, and also provides the experimental data of the space of Mandarin lexical color categories. These results complement the empirical vacancy in the related field in world community, and also serve as the backbone in further studies.en_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subject中文色彩詞彙zh_TW
dc.subject色彩命名zh_TW
dc.subject類別化zh_TW
dc.subject基本色名zh_TW
dc.subjectMandarin color termsen_US
dc.subjectcolor namingen_US
dc.subjectcategorizationen_US
dc.subjectbasic color termsen_US
dc.title中文色彩詞彙及語言色彩類別空間zh_TW
dc.titleColor Terms and Lexical Color Category Spaceen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.contributor.department應用藝術研究所zh_TW
Appears in Collections:Thesis


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