著作權集體管理團體使用報酬率訂定之研究

Abstract

著作權集體管理團體係落實著作權保護之重要指標，藉由其健全運作，著作利用之授權成本大幅降低，有利著作被充分利用，公眾得以廣泛接觸著作，著作權人權利獲得保障，利用人合法使用著作。

集管團體欲營運成功，合理之使用報酬率係其核心之所在。然而，圍繞於此核心外之種種因素，卻影響著合理之使用報酬率能否順利產生。本論文從集管制度之源起，觀察美國、德國及中國大陸集管制度之發展，轉而探討我國法制與實務上關於集管制度運作之種種，分析相關因素對使用報酬率決定之影響。

本論文同時分析著作權人對其著作之「利用控制權」與「利益分配權」，因其係在集管制度下落實之「小權利」，或是自行行使之「大權利」，而有相互調整，進而影響集管團體之使用報酬率訂定，以及未經授權利用著作之損害賠償計算基礎。

本論文最後建議對於集管團體所訂使用報酬率之挑戰，捨棄仲團條例時期由21位委員組成著作權審議委員會之事前審議制度，也不採集管條例得由個別利用人異議，再由智慧局諮詢審議會意見後獨斷決行之作法，而是由利用人透過其利用人團體單方面申請強制仲裁，其目的ㄧ方面在促使集管團體於訂定使用報酬率時，能有誘因使其與利用人團體協商，二方面是避免個別利用人輕易推翻適用於全體利用人之使用報酬率，三方面是由具司法官身分之三位仲裁員在智慧局協助下之仲裁，較具專業性。

The establishment of collective management organizations(CMOs) is an important indicator of copyright protection. CMOs’ smooth operation considerably reduces licence cost, promotes the legal exploitation of works, achieves broad public access of copyrighted works, and protects the benefits of copyright owners.

A reasonable royalty rate is the core for the successful operation of CMOs. However, there are several issues effecting the decision-making of the reasonable royalty rate. This dissertation analyzes the origin of CMOs and observes their development in the United States, Germany and the mainland China. It also discusses all the legal and practical matters surrounding the operation of CMOs in Taiwan and the related issues effecting royalty rates.

This dissertation focuses on the author’s right of control and the right of sharing with his/her works. These two rights are exercised in different ways between small right by CMOs and grand right by authors themselves. Also, they should be adjusted whenever they shift to each other. The transfer value of the right of sharing between small rights and grand rights will affect decisions of royalty rates or infringement damages.

Finally, this dissertation suggests that the system for objecting to royalty rate decisions not only should abandon the pre-review system by a 21-member committee under the Copyright Intermediary Organization Law, but also should give up the current post-supervision system in which the objection is submitted by a sigle user and adjusted by the TIPO after consulting with a 21-member committee, with the adjusted rate applied to all the users. The new system suggested by this dissertation is that the objection should be submitted by a users’ group rather than a single user and the review decision should be made by a three-member arbitration panel. There are three reasons to suport this new proposal. First, it encourages a CMO to consult with users’ group in advance when it releases a royalty rate. Second, it prevents the royalty rate which is reached by CMOs and user groups from being easily overturned by a single user. Third, the arbitration consisting of 3 judges assisted by the TIPO will be more professional.