情資交換與刑事司法互助間之衝突與調和－以建構我國未來相關法制為中心

Abstract

本文旨在討論我國警察機關長久以來與世界各國執法機關在合作打擊跨國犯罪之實務作法，其成效卓越非凡。惟我國與外國合作打擊跨國犯罪應統一制定內國準據法，法務部基於主管機關地位，未來將針對「國際刑事司法互助」及「情資交換」等程序進行規範，制訂「國際刑事偵查及執行互助法」。該法草案特別將「情資交換」部分納入，有意將各司法警察機關於執行國際刑事偵查、情資交換、案件協查等犯罪調查互助部分，直接受該法限制與規範。本文企圖在本法架構下如何調和警察「犯罪調查互助」與「刑事司法互助」事項於本質上之衝突差異，同時不減損我國警察機關與外國警察機關進行「情資交換」必須立於「迅速與即時」之實益與核心價值下，輔論以國際立法趨勢，並對於該草案提出若干修正意見，冀能對制訂我國警察機關日後在執行合作打擊跨國犯罪之法源有所助益。

This article points out that the successful cooperation between National Police Agency and world-wide law enforcement agencies has been a great model. However, Ministry of Justice, the competent legislative authority, considered such international cooperation should be standing on the legal basis. That is to enact an applicable law to regulate “International Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters” and “Exchange of Information and Intelligence”. The “Draft of International Criminal Investigation and Legal Assistance Execution Law” is consequently established. This draft especially subsumes regulations on “Exchange of Information and Intelligence”, which would also bring “Police Assistance”, such as international criminal investigation cooperation, exchange of criminal information and intelligence etc., directly into regulation. This article suggests that the concepts of “legal assistance” and “police assistance” in its substantial conflict and legal divergence can be adjusted and coordinated in light of enforcing the law and upholding the core value of “instant and real time” information exchange by police authority. It also provides essential and beneficial legal suggestions concerning anti-transnational crimes of police cooperation in the draft.