高層建築自護編組推動現況探討-以臺北市某大樓為例

Abstract

台灣因商業活動蓬勃發展以及國民對生活便利性的需求，讓有限的土地必須做更細密的規劃使用，致建築高度及使用複雜性不斷提升，論防災設施、設備，因應高層建築及大型空間場所猶如雨後春筍般出現，防火功能性設計案也相輔而生。不過安全維運及管理法令，並未因多貌而龐雜的使用特性而有顯著提升，國內現除依消防法規定說明「管理權人應委任防火管理人執行有關防火管理之必要業務」外，針對業者自設應變組織實況並未多作著墨，故對事件初期狀況之確認與處理責任，當落於業者身上，就各場所組織編制、訓練、裝備及應變規劃...等，以及主管機關給予的規範、指導，能否因應各種不同的事件情境，而獲良好成效暨消弭、控制現場之災害，則仍須深入瞭解、探討。 本研究共分為五章，第一章為緒論；旨在說明研究之動機、目的、對象與範圍、研究方法與流程。第二章為文獻探討；就國內、外攸關自衛消防編組相關法令及指揮作業，進行探討分析。第三章首先瞭解美國實施多年應變指揮系統擷取其骨架，提供業者編撰防護編組基礎參酌之依據，以台北市某一高層建築為例檢視自護編組構成要因，並借台北市數棟性質相同高層建築就(一)自護編組管理、(二) 自護編組能力、(三)設施設備、(四)未明確之重要事項實施原則等，取樣問卷，解析影響業者自護能力，另就台北市消防救護救災大隊之實務單位進行訪談，俾利瞭解第一線實務單位對業者所能配合作業內容之期望進行分析。 第四章旨在藉建築案例多次實地演練所見問題加以分析後，再由第二、三章擷取資料、蒐整，期能推繹描繪出自護編組在高層建築整體安全防護上所欠缺的元素，建制高層建築自護編組運作調整之較佳方向；包括(一)持續之管理作為、(二)合宜的編組與能力訓練、(三)充足的硬體支援、(四)重要事項擬定等4個項目。第五章則提出本研究之結論及建議事項。

Due to the booming development of commerce and the demand of life convenience, Taiwan has to regulate its land usage precisely to have buildings higher and more complicated in the limited space. Thus, more studies on the equipments and projects of disaster prevetion in skyscrpapers and spacious places are bourgeoning as well as the fire prevention function designs. But safety maintenance and management regulations are not upgraded accordinglyto meet the diversity and complexity of the usage characteristics and the only stipulation in the fire control regulations is that the authorirised manager should assign fire control manager to conduct essential businesses of fire control without the mention of the set up of the problem-solving organization for the responsible person. The responsible person is the first one and should be in charge to confirm and cope with the initial stage of the fire incident. Therefore, the organization、training、equipments and problem-solving projects of fire control leave much room to be probed into in depth as well as whether the standards and guidance of the concerned authorities can respond to the various scenarios effectively for the damage control on the secene. This thesis falls in five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction to explain the study motive、purpose、object、range、method and process. The second chapter is the analysis of the references on the related domenstic and international laws and regulations in the operation of the fire control organization. The third chapter is to interpret the recent practice and structure of the problem-solving direction systems in Ameraica for the reference of the responsible person to set up its own protection organization. Take a certain high-rise buildings for example to survey its constitutions and make sampling and questionnaire of similar high-rise buildings in Taipei to investigate the (1) self-protection organization management、(2) self-protection ability、(3)facilities and equipments、(4)open principles to carry out significant items as well as the interview with the practice unit on the first line of Taipei fire rescue headquaters to realize its expectation in operation for the responsible person to cooperate with . The fourth chapter is to depiect the required elements of the self-protection organization in high-rise buildings and propose a better direction for adjustment through the citation and the information collection in the second and third chapters and the analysis of the case study in the recent issues per several fire control drills, which includes (1)constant management、(2)apporpreiate organization and ability training、(3)sufficient hardware supports、(4)draw up of the vital items.The fifth chapter is to bring up the conclusion and suggestions of this thesis.