居室內隔間以設有效排煙口方式進行排煙之探討(以FDS進行火災模擬)

Abstract

本論文研究目的在討論當居室內發生火災時，其燃燒所產生之煙、熱及危害氣體，經由排煙設備將其排至室外，而該設施(排煙閘門)若僅設置於大居室，而大居室內之小居室則另外以設置高度在天花板下80公分內且開口面積為該小居室面積2%之開口來進行排煙；討論以此排煙設置方式來進行有效排煙的可行性探討。 研究方法以FDS電腦火災數值模擬軟體來建置模擬情境，並藉由模擬軟體檢討當火災發生時所產生之危害因素(溫度、CO2、可視度等問題)於離地面高度1.8m時對避難逃生所產生之影響的狀況；其中參考避難安全性能驗證法來檢討居室人員避難時間，檢討必須避難時間內人員是否能安全進行避難逃生？若又當小居室內尚有隔間時，以相同方式設置是否也能符合該場所之相關避難逃生之需求？ 經模擬後發現，當區劃內之居室發生火災時，其生成之危害因素(煙、熱、有毒氣體等)能有效藉由設置於該居室天花板下方80公分處之開口排至區劃內之機械排煙設備並排至區劃外，而避難人員在避難過程中則不會受到危害並且達到有效的避難及逃生。 於本次研究後，藉由以上設置概念，在排煙設計規劃階段，若能採用此設計方式，則應可減少非必要之排煙系統設置，來達到降低設備成本的作用。

When a fire occurs in a structure, the burning smoke, heat, and hazardous gas will be discharged via the smoke control system out of the structure. This thesis aims to explore if it is applicable to use a smoke control system (smoking vent)established in a big structure, and set up an additional smoking vent, which is located 80cm below the ceiling, and sized 2% of the small structure in a small structure within the big structure to proceed smoke emission. The research approach employs the numerical stimulation software, FDS (Fire Dynamics Stimulator), to install the stimulated situation, and examine how these hazardous factors generated by the fire (such as temperature, CO2, visibility and so forth), which hover 1.8 m high above the ground, will influence the evacuation. Besides, this thesis uses the laws of evacuation safety verification to review on the evacuation time of people in the structure and to see if they can evacuate safely within the evacuation time. If there are partitions in the small structure, can the same equipment meet the evacuation requests of the site? It can be found via the stimulator that when a fire occurs in a space within the divided area, those hazardous factors caused by the fire, namely smoke, heat, poisonous gas, can be firstly emitted by the vent sitting 80cm below the ceiling into the mechanical smoke control system in the divided area, and then be effectively discharged out of the divided area. Meanwhile, no people will get hurt during the evacuation and can successfully escape from danger. The results of this research shows that during the period of designing, if the designer can adopt the abovementioned design idea, unnecessary equipments of the smoke control system can be avoided, and a lower cost can be successfully achieved.