大學生生涯焦慮、內外控信念與生涯定向之相關研究-以台灣北部地區大學生為例

Abstract

本研究之目的在探討大學生生涯焦慮、內外控信念與生涯定向之相關研究，以及了解大學生之背景變項、生涯焦慮及內外控信念是否可共同預測生涯定向。本研究以「畢業生生涯焦慮量表」、「洛氏內外控信念量表」、「生涯定向量表」為研究工具，以國內北部地區高校體系及技職體系之大學生為研究對象，進行問卷調查研究。正式施測採叢集抽樣的方式，共獲得有效問卷783份，並以描述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、卡方考驗、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步回歸分析等統計方法，進行資料分析。本研究的結果如下： （一）女生在「生涯焦慮」程度高於男生，男生則在「生涯定向」程度高於女生。 （二）大四在「個人一般能力」上的焦慮程度高於大一和大二，大四之「生涯定向」高於大一學生。 （三）「有1∼3年」工讀經驗者之生涯焦慮低於曾有「半年內」或「一年左右」者，「有1~3年」工讀經驗者之生涯定向高於「從未有過」及「半年內」工讀經驗者。 （四）「技職院校」大學生之生涯焦慮高於「普通大學」，但在「生涯定向」上則無顯著差異。 （五）「外控信念」者之生涯焦慮高於「內控信念」者，但「內控信念」者之生涯定向顯著高於「外控信念」者。 （六）「生涯焦慮」與「生涯定向」之間呈現中低程度的負相關。 （七）在預測結果上，顯示「生涯焦慮」、「內外控信念」、「年級」、「性別」及「工讀經驗」可共同預測生涯定向狀態；「大學專業養成」、「內外控信念」、「就業環境」、「工讀經驗」、「年級」及「個人一般能力」可共同預測生涯定向狀態。最後，根據研究結果與討論，針對未來研究及生涯輔導實務應用提出建議及方向。

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship among career anxiety, locus of control and career decisions in of university students. Besides, the study examines if students’background variables, career anxiety and locus of control can predict career decisions. The measuring tools used in this study include“Career Anxiety Inventory”,“Rotter’s Internal-External Control Scale”,“Career Decisions Scale”.The questionnaires were administered to 783 university students in north area of Taiwan. The results of survey were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-Square Test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results of the study are as follow:1. Female students are higher than male students in“career anxiety”,but male students are higher than female students in“career decisions”. 2. Senior students are higher than freshmen, sophomore students in“career anxiety”, but freshmen are higher than senior students in“career decisions”. 3. The university students who had 1-3 years part-time job experience are higher than “wthin six months”and“1 year”in“career anxiety”, and they are higher than“never”and“within six months” in“career decisions”. 4. Vocational college students show more“career anxiety”than regular college students. 5. The belief of external control of students are higher than internal control belief of students in“career anxiety”, but internal control belief of students are higher than external control belief of students in“career decisions”. 6.“Career anxiety”and “career decisions”has show medium to low negative correlation. 7. In predicting results, it shows that“career anxiety ”and“locus of control ”,“grade”,“sex”and“part-time job experience”can predict“career decisions”；“education traning”,“locus of control”,“the job market”,“grade”,“part-time job experience”and “personal ability”can predict“career decisions”. Last, the advanced discussions and suggestions are addressed based on the results of this study.