強制授權補償金之研究

Abstract

新專利法於民國一百年十一月二十九號三讀通過，第八十八條條第三項規定：「強制授權之審定應以書面為之，並載明其授權之理由、範圍、期間及應支付之補償金。」修正了舊法第七十六條第五項「特許實施權人應給與專利權人適當之補償金，有爭執時，由專利專責機關 核定之。」其改變了目前雙方就強制授權補償金有爭執時先由雙方協商，若協商不成再由政府介入仲裁之作法。修改成智慧局在核准強制授權時必須一併審定補償金額，申請人如未依審定金額支付，專利權人就可以申請廢止強制授權。因此新法提供專利權人更周全之保護。 然我國就一般強制授權及醫藥強制授權供國內使用並未明文規定詳細之適當補償金的核定標準，故本文之研究目的在於，透過學說上相關論述及其他國家補償金之研究，整理出一套相關單位未來決定補償金時可供參考的模式。本研究分成一般專利強制授權與醫藥專利強制授權兩部分，首先就學說上對於補償金的不同看法作整理；並介紹各國實務操作上決定補償金的做法以及相關指導方針。在實證研究的部分，採取質性研究作為研究方法，藉由訪談智慧局專利部之科長，了解我國過去及未來決定補償金之操作模式。

In Taiwan, the new amendment of Taiwanese Patent Act was passed by the Legislative Yuan in November 29th, 2011 and will come into effect in the end of 2012. Article 88 of the New Patent Act stipulates ”A decision on an application for compulsory licensing shall be made in writing, and shall indicate the reasons, scope, time period, and the required compensation.” However, the provision does not specify the approach of how to determine the compensation at issue regarding compulsory license. The remuneration issue is also rare in the academic studies in Taiwan. The thesis intends to introduce the international practices and experiences of compensation setting in compulsory licensing cases to find the feasible approaches for domestic administrative process in Taiwan. Compensation for compulsory license can be divided into two categories, the general compulsory license and the pharmaceutical compulsory license regarding public health issues. In respect of the general compulsory licensing, the cases in the U.S. are largely depended on. In pharmaceutical cases, the thesis focuses on the report conducted by the UNDP and the methods of calculation used in Canada, Japan, taking into account other approaches proposed by the researchers and scholars. For empirical study, by interviewing the official of the authorities concerned who is in charge of the affairs, the author elaborates an in-depth analysis from the government’s perspective.