可變極數之感應馬達定子繞組與激磁方法

Abstract

根據電工學理論，感應馬達的速度和三個參數有關，分別是極對數、電源頻率和轉差率。改變感應馬達定子繞組極對數使速度改變稱作變極調速；改變感應輸入電源頻率使速度產生變化稱為變頻調速。這兩種方法，因為其變速前後轉差率相等，沒有轉差損耗，屬於高效率的方法。而改變轉差率使速度改變，因為變速前後轉差率不相等，會有能量損失，屬於低效率的方法。 這篇論文提出方法可以有效在六極和十八極、六極和十二極、2N極和6N極定子繞組間互相作切換，大部分使用共同繞組，達到節省空間、成本目的。針對所設計出變極感應馬達定子，使用ANSYS Maxwell軟體做模擬分析，探討其磁路特性。並且歸納設計變極感應馬達定子之流程。

According to the electrical engineering theory, the speed of induction motors is associated with 3 parameters: pole numbers, supply frequency and slip rate. Changing speed by operating number of induction motor poles is called a pole-changing control. Changing speed by adjusting supply frequency of induction motor is called a frequency-changing control. Due to zero slip loss both methods are highly effective. On the other hand, because the difference of slips between speed changing before and after will lead to energy loss, changing speed by adjusting slip rate belongs to a low efficient method. The study proposes an effective method which can change pole numbers between 6 and 18, 6 and 12, 2N and 6N. Most windings are shared in use to save space and cost. This study simulates magnetic circuits of stators of designed pole-change induction motors by using an ANSYS Maxwell software, and investigating stator and rotor properties. Furthermore, this study generalizes the designing processes of pole-change induction motors.