高齡者住宅餐點配送路徑規劃之研究

Abstract

在社會、經濟的轉型之下，依據行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處2004年的推估，台灣地區的老年人口比率將於2018年達到14%，而邁入「高齡社會」(Aged society)。在老年人口增加之下，高齡者住宅餐點配送服務(Home meal delivery)可以提供餐點給予行動不便以及獨居無人照顧之高齡者。而在需求逐漸產生之下，高齡者住宅餐點配送之相關路徑規劃就顯得相當重要。

對於餐點與食品的配送，跟一般物流配送有些許不同。配送過程中，通常旅行時間不能過長，以確保食物運送到高齡者時是新鮮的，而對於住宅餐點配送具有短時間、密集運送等特性。高齡者餐點配送須多加考慮服務高齡者之時間，有協助用餐用藥之問題；配送路線主要位於城市當中，路徑通常較短，配送時間處於用餐時段，受到城市內交通擁塞，旅行時間受到尖離峰影響，對於路徑規劃之旅行時間造成了許多不確定性。高齡者有不同用餐時間之需求，而尖峰時段造成路徑規劃之不準確，降低了配送服務品質。

本研究根據上述要件，建立數學模型，同時考量到擁塞以及軟性時窗規劃，並建立範例求解，產生出一組合適之路徑規劃解，驗證模式之合理性，並測試改變參數對於模型之影響。藉由本研究，相關營運者可參考現況國外高齡者餐點配送做法以及較準確之路徑規劃，來提升服務品質並節省成本。

In the transformation of the social and economic, according to the Manpower Planning Department in Council for Economic Planning and Development in 2004 to the estimates of Taiwan’s elderly population ratio will be 14% in 2018, and then entered the “Aging Society”. Under the increase of elderly population, home-meal delivery of elderly can provide meal for disable or solitary elder. As the demand of home-meal delivery increase, the routing problem has become more and more important.

Delivery of meals or food is slightly different to the general distribution. In the distribution process, travel time cannot be too long to ensure food is fresh. For the home-meal delivery characteristics of short-term, intensive, and moreover, consider service time for the assistance of dining and medication to the elderly. Delivery route is mainly located in the city, the path is usually in short delivery time. Deliver time is in the dining period, the traffic is congestion, and travel time is influence by the peak and off-peak hours that caused many uncertainties. The elderly have different dining time demand, and the peak hours causing inaccurate path planning reduce the quality of delivery service.

Base on the above, this study develop the mathematical model which consider the congestion and the soft time window planning, and create a sample. The study produce a suitable path planning solution, verify the rationality of the model, and test the changes of each cost in the model. Through this study, the relevant operators can refer the current status of foreign home-meal delivery and the more accurate routing planning, to improve service quality and cost savings.