考量大眾運輸優先之可適性都市交通號誌控制系統

Abstract

近年來，隨著經濟快速成長以及都市高度開發，交通壅塞已經成為各都市的主要問題，因此交通號誌控制一直是智慧型運輸系統(Intelligent Transportation System, ITS )中重要的一部分。巴士可搭載高乘客的特性使其成為非常適合都市環境的交通工具，因此巴士優先權也成為交通號誌控制系統中重要的一部分。巴士具有不同於一般車輛的特性:較多的乘客數量、巴士預計到站時間以及前後班次間隔等。先前有關巴士優先權的研究著重於減少平均等待時間，但他們並沒有同時考量到以上所提的種種巴士特性以及會對一般車輛所造成的影響。在此篇論文中，我們提出一可適性即時交通號誌控系統，藉由路邊的感測節點以及巴士上之車載機等方式收集即時交通資訊，計算出各時相所需的時間以及其所擁有的效益值和公車優先權，並依此控制交通號誌藉以減少乘客等待時間以及有效調整巴士的航班。實驗結果顯示我們的方法可以有效減少乘客等待時間以及有效改善巴士到站時間誤差以及前後班次間隔誤差。

In recent years, with the economic development and urbanization, traffic congestion has become a serious problem in urban environments. So, traffic signal control plays a key role in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Particularly, bus system can carry a higher capacity of passengers, which help to relief traffic jam in cities. Thus, it is important to consider bus priority during traffic light control. However, different from ordinary vehicles, bus system has some unique features, including higher capacity of passengers, fixed routes and specific requirements on bus schedules and headways. In this thesis, we propose an adaptive traffic signal control system with bus priority. By collecting traffic information from roadside detectors and buses, we jointly consider how the above factors change buses priority and the impact to ordinary vehicles. Simulation results show that our system can significantly reduce total waiting time of both buses and ordinary vehicles and keep the schedule and headway on time.