專用散裝船隊最適調配之研究 - 以台電進口燃煤船運為例

Abstract

船舶的購置成本極高，營運成本亦甚可觀，適當的船隊調配不但能減少大 量的海運成本，且能充分的利用船隊船舶資源，減少船舶閒置時間。船隊 調配工作繁雜，在船運排程時所須考慮的因素甚多，長期以來船隊調配工 作皆是藉由船運規劃人員的經驗判斷，不但工作繁雜、缺乏效率而且無法 將整個船作最佳的調配；且海洋運輸具有高度的不確定性，常受港埠擁擠 、裝卸貨機具故障、天候不佳等不確定因素影響而導致船期延遲，造成海 運成本的增加。本研究探討專用散裝船隊調配問題，主要之研究重心在於 解決航次船期配置與船隊指派兩大問題。在航次船期配置上，延伸應用多 指標運輸運問題 (Multi-Index Transportation Problem)構建模式，以 最少的海運成本，將航次作最佳的配置；在船隊指派上，以動態規劃法構 建船隊指派模式，將航次船期逐次的指派給船舶，使船隊船舶總閒置時間 最少，將船舶資源作最佳的運用。本研究以台電公司進口燃煤船運排程驗 證模式的適用性，台電公司每年須由國外進口大量燃煤供電廠使用，全年 進口燃煤航次船期的配置與運煤船隊的指派，為台電船運管理人員面臨的 兩大問題。結果證實模式的適用性，且為增加模式的實用性，本研究並研 發電腦船運排程系統，將模式融於系統程式之中，設計容易操作的人機介 面，提供給船運管理人員使用，增進其工作效率並節省海運成本。 When a ship costs millions of dollars and its daily operating expenses are tens of thousands of dollars, proper fleet deploy- ment has the potential of reducing shipping cost and improving utilization of vessels. Fleet deployment is numerically complex work. Vessels of a fleet can not be allocated optimally by empirical judgment of operating personnel and the complex work will result in less efficiency. Furthermore, in ship operations there is high uncertainty. Ships may be delayed due to weather conditions,mechanical problems and crowded ports. This study tries to shed light on the problem of fleet deployment of dedicated bulk-carriers and focuses on two major relative issues, schedule arrangement and fleet assignment. The problem of schedule arrangement can be viewed as a multi-index transpor- tation problem. This study formulates an LP model to solve the former problem. Due to the high uncertainty of ship operations, this study formulates a dynamic fleet assignment model to allo- cate vessels to schedules and maximize ship usage. Taipower imports millions of tons of coal shipped by ocean-going vessels from Australia, South Africa, the United States and Indo- nesia every year. The case study of Taipower has proven useful in models. The potential for substantial cost improvement was demon- strated using a realistic situation from Taipower coal trade. An interactive computerized ship scheduling system based on the models was developed. The colored displays are designed to make the system as user friendly as possible and provide all the nece- ssary information about schedules and vessels. It not only guides Taipower marine operations management in annual schedule planning , but also assists operating personnel to allocate vessels to the schedules and adjust rapidly.