家庭電視的社會性使用

Abstract

本論文是以方誌學的研究方法，利用直接觀察及深度訪談法進行電視觀眾 在家庭情境下的收視行為研究。主要的研究目的乃是探究，閱聽人在家庭 環境中「看電視」的實質意義；並檢視Lull所提出「電視的社會性使用」 模式在國內家庭中呈現的情形，以及家庭成員不同的電視使用形式。研究 結果顯示，在「電視的社會性使用」上樣本家庭呈現出較為明顯的是「環 境的使用形式」、「規則的使用形式」、「助長溝通的使用形式」以及「 聯繫╱逃避的使用形式」；另外，「社會學習的使用形式」及「權力╱支 配的使用形式」則較不明顯。閱聽人在家庭中的「家庭內角色」的扮演會 有其特別的電視使用形式，而不同家庭成員電視使用形式則和家家庭互動 產生直接及間接的關係。利用方誌學進行的電視觀眾在家庭內使用電視的 探究，發現電視的效果不止在於過去傳播學者所重視的電視訊息所產生的 效果，而是電視的使用的確和家庭生活及家庭互動存在密切的關係，這個 關係幫肋我們了解電視在家庭及日常生活中的角色扮演及其實質意義。 This study adopted the "enthnographic approach" to study the television audiences' behavior in their families. The primary data base resulted from participant observations and open-end interview of families. The primary propose of this study is to study the real meaning of "watching TV" in family. It tested the "social uses of television" (Lull, 1980) of the sample families. The following were the results of this study: The four of six kinds of social uses of television: "the environment use", "the regulative use", "the use of communication facilitation" and "the use of affiliation/ avoidance" were more significant. Beside, "the use of social learning" and "the use of competetence/dominance" were unsignifican. The different family roles playing in family will show the different way of television uses. And, the different television uses of different family members will influence the family interaction between them. This study shows that the effect of television not only introduced from the message in the television programs, it's also resulting from the action of watching TV. We found there are a high correlation between the use of television in family and and family life and family interaction. This correlation help us to understand the real meaning and the role of television in our family and everyday life.