圖像符號傳播的語文式思考：以符號學詮釋國劇臉譜為例

Abstract

臉譜是中國傳統戲曲中特有的化妝藝術，結合寫實與象徵的藝術手法，鮮 明地表達人物形象，藉此揭示出人物性情、品德等綜合特徵，為一種藝術 符號。欲製作一張兼具傳承與創新的臉譜，必須先找出臉譜藝術的傳統內 在架構，再根據此架構融合現代美學，才能為現代人甚至西方人所理解。 傳播可定義為：透過符號媒介傳遞訊息的意義。而臉譜是演員向觀眾傳達 其內在特質的一種符號。但因臉譜屬於非語文式符號中的圖像符號，所以 較缺乏系統性且難以理解、掌握，是故本論文嘗試以西方符號學對中國傳 統臉譜藝術做更有系統的研究。由臉譜的兩軸分析得出本文的研究結果， 從橫軸的組合關係中探討構成臉譜符號的單元要素，如臉形、臉色、眉子 、眼窩、鼻窩、腦門、嘴岔。而隱藏在直軸的聯想關係中，主要為正直忠 心、陰險奸詐、暴燥不平三大對立思維，再將依其對立思維所分類的選項 ，加以組合成一張臉譜。 Facial symbolism,a special art in Chinese operas, distinctly shows the image of certain roles by means of artic exaggeration combining truthful portrayal with symbolism.The appearance of a role reveals its age, disposition, moral quality and distinguishing features. To create a new facial makeup which combines traditional and modern quality,the structure of traditonal facial makeup should be studied.Based on this structure, the richness of modern aesthetics can be contributed. One of the definitions of communication is the process of communicating information meanings through signs. Facial makeup is a sign that actors use to express their characteristics to audience. However, because facial makeup are iconic symbols of nonverbal symbols, and lack systematic interpretations, they are hard to comprehend, especially for the modern young generation. In this study, western semiology is used to analye and interpret the meaning of facial symbolism. The analysis is conducted in terms of the associative relation and the syntagmatic relation. In the analysis of associative relation it is found that the elements such as pattern,color,eyebow, eye,nose,forehead,and mouth form a facial makeup. In the analysis of syntagmatic relation,3 patterns of opposition--- uprightness,disinguousness and impetuosity are categorized. A facial symbolism us constituted by the combination of elements and patterns of opposition.