以Auto-ID為基礎的資訊系統之建置─以電子收費系統為例

Abstract

自動化標籤(Auto-ID)是MIT研發出來的一種自動化辨識系統，未來勢必廣為使用在各種管理資訊系統之上。Auto-ID是開放式架構，利用低廉成本的識別標籤，企圖改變世界的物流管理運作方式。然而目前Auto-ID的應用始終侷限於供應鏈管理以及物流管理層面。在其他方面仍有很大的發展空間。

國內高速公路收費系統目前採用人工收費。目前全台灣約有450萬各種車輛，且每年仍成長約45萬輛。國道一號是國內的主要運輸動脈，然而現有號容量已不敷使用，平日尖峰時段已呈現中度延滯狀況，到了例假日更是顯現出擁塞嚴重的情況。觀察歷次高速公路擁塞的主要路段，以收費站附近路段最為明顯頻繁。顯然目前的傳統人工收費方式必須加以改進。而運用Auto-ID來作車輛之識別與收費，將是最可能之解決方案。因此，在本論文的研究中，將針對適用於一般高速公路的電子收費需求，進行整體性的研究與探討。並針對Auto-ID的相關主題，包括標籤辨識的原理、物件資訊取得等進行深入研究，然後採用Auto-ID的標準建立出適用於高速公路的收費架構。利用電腦模擬的方式，實際將系統實作出來。最後將研究結果整理歸納後，提出發展以Auto-ID為基礎之資訊系統時，相關的考量與建議。

Auto-ID is an automatic identification system developed by MIT, and will eventually be used in all kinds of management information systems. Auto-ID is a technology aimed to change the world of logistics. It is an open standard, using low cost RFID tags to achieve its goal. Current Auto-ID applications focus on supply chain management and inventory control. This research will use the Auto-ID standard to design architecture suitable of freeway electronic toll collection systems.

The capacity of freeway is no longer enough to handle the increasing traffic each year. The freeway is often congested, resulting in waste of both time and money. In the studies of freeway congestion, the most often congested areas is around toll-collection stations. It is apparent the current toll collection scheme needs to be improved, and using the Auto-ID technology to identify vehicles is the most viable solution. Therefore in this research we will focus not only the automatic vehicle identification system, but also consider the implementation of Auto-ID systems as well. We will survey the requirements of freeway electronic toll collection system. First, we emphasize on automatic identification mechanism, and Auto-ID component design issues. Then we make computer simulations on the architecture designed. Finally, we conclude our results for suggestion and future researches.