應用模糊多準則決策分析與模糊集群方法探討綠色工程產業發展策略之研究

Abstract

自從1987年聯合國世界環境與發展委員會揭示「我們共同的未來」報告，強調人類永續發展的概念，及至1992年聯合國環境規劃委員會通過了「二十一世紀議程」及許多重要文件以來，「永續發展」已成為政府與企業追求生存與經營管理之新思維及努力方向，以整合經濟、環境、社會及文化，追求滿足當代及未來世代的優質生活。 為了反應環境保護政策與法規之要求，如何設計符合永續發展之產品已為企業努力之目標，國際上亦有許多的模式、方法及工具陸續被提出，例如「生態設計」、「永續性產品與服務發展」等。根據過去的相關研究顯示，這些方法或模式確實能夠促進企業達到追求永續發展之目標。本研究首先蒐集整理永續發展思維之演進，了解永續發展之產品與服務的規劃流程，並介紹在進行永續性產品與服務發展過程中，應考慮那些構面及擬訂那些評估準則。再者，這些衡量構面與評估準則間通常存在衝突及無法同時滿足之特性，使得問題變得非常複雜，而多目標決策恰可提供適當且客觀評估的結果。 本論文以台灣水產加工業追求永續生存之綠色工程發展策略為實證案例，首先以模糊層級分析法建立評估體系，再以模糊多準則決策方法進行發展策略之評估。考量實際的多目標決策問題中，準則間經常存在非獨立性情況，本研究試圖將傳統分析層級程序法之獨立性假設放寬，並提出非加法型模糊積分方法推導出評估策略之綜合效用值並據以進行優勢排序。再者，考慮資源限制及方案策略間非互斥等因素，本研究進一步以模糊集群分析求解最適化之策略組合，提供企業經營者策略擬定與資源配置之決策參考。

Since the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) published the so-called Brundtland Report “Our Common Future” in 1987 and the United Nations Environmental Planning Board (UNEP) presented “Agenda 21” in 1992, sustainable development has become an important part of international and national approaches to integrating economic, environmental, social and ethical considerations so that a good quality of life can be enjoyed by current and future generations for as long as possible. In response to the shift in environmental policy and law towards products, most of enterprises have focus on developing sustainable products. For some time, there are many concepts, approaches and tools have been proposed to help industries to meet this aim such as eco-design and sustainable product development. Past empirical researches indicated that these approaches and tools have successfully encouraged the sustainable products and services development for industry. In this study, we firstly survey the stream of sustainable development and recognize the planning process for sustainable products and services development. We also introduce the considered aspects with evaluated criteria in this planning process. In addition, for the reasons of incommensurability and conflicting within these aspects and criteria for sustainable development, the problems will become more complex. Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can provide appropriately and objectively analysis results for dealing with these kinds of problem. In this empirical study, we firstly employ fuzzy AHP to establish hierarchy system for evaluating the sustainable development strategies of green engineering for fishing industry in Taiwan. Secondly, fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis method was utilized to derive the final synthetic values of the proposed strategies and determine the preferred order according to these values. In order to conform to the situation of non-independence among evaluated criteria in real problem, we relax the required independence assumption of traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for evaluation. This paper applies λ fuzzy measure and non-additive fuzzy integral technique to derive the synthetic values of proposed strategies. Furthermore, considering the limitation on resources and seldom mutually exclusive among these proposed strategies, we introduce fuzzy classification to find the optimal strategy combination. These optimal strategy combinations can be provided the useful information in resources allocation for decision makers.