國內線機場起降時間帶分配之研究

Abstract

在機場現有設施容量有限的情況下，要改善擁擠情況，除了開源--增建機 場設施之外，藉 由有效的時間帶（ Time Slot）管理，將機場容量之使 用最佳化，亦可舒緩擁擠時段班機 之延誤情形；由於國內現行分配方式 採用『絕對優先順序』分配，且未充分考慮機場當局 、航空公司與旅客 等三個航空運輸系統主要組成分子的立場與需求，因此本研究針對時間 帶分配方式之種種論點截短取長，考慮旅客、機場管理者與航空公司之立 場後，基於班表 穩定性、機場運能、旅客權益、航空公司營運績效、保 障新進航空公司權益與兼顧現存航 空公司權益等六項原則下，為時間帶 分配找出合理之考慮因素，分別是歷史優先權、航線 需求、機型、承載 率、飛安記錄、準點率、時間帶使用效率等七項。著眼於分配之『公平 性』及『合理性』，本研究設計出『時段』、『時點』二階段分配，以此 制度進行分配， 時間帶新進者必須在相關營運績效有所表現，在第一階 段分配時才有可能獲得時間帶，在 第二階段也才能分配到較佳的起降時 點；至於擁有祖父權但營運績效不彰者除了在第二階 段中分配不到較佳 時點外，在第一階段分配中其祖父權擁有數目亦將逐季減少；而擁有祖 父權且營運績效佳的航空公司，除了能保留所有的祖父權，甚至還能增加 更多班次；在這 樣的分配機制之下，將可促使各航空公司致力於營運績 效之改善，以加強時間帶申請時之 競爭力，就整個市場而言將可形成市 場上的良性競爭，有助於提升航空運輸之服務品質。 Under the limitation of the airport capacity, except expanding the airport facilities we can also reduce the unfavorable effect of flight delay during peak hours by effective management of the time slot. Current domestic allocation rule is mainly according to the "absolute priorities" and it doesn't consider the requirement and standpoints of the airport, airlines and passengers; therefore, this study compares the merits and defects of some prevailing allocation rules and takes into account the viewpoints of the three major members of air transportation system (airport, airlines and passengers). Basing on the stability of schedule, capacity of airport, rights of passengers, operational performances of airlines, rights of the newcome and existing airlines, we select seven reasonable criteria for the allocation of time slot. They are grandfather rights, demand of each route, seats of the airplane, load factor, safety records of flying , on-time performance, efficiency of using time slot, respectively.In order to satisfy the "justice" and "reasonableness", this study design a new mode for time slot allocation-"two-stage method". In the first stage, the newcomers of time slot will obtain time slots only when they have better operational performances; besides, they will gain better "time point" in the second stage. As for those who have grandfather rights but don't have good operational performances will not get the better time points in the second stage and their grandfather rights will decrease by season. Those who have grandfather rights and perform well will keep their original grandfather rights; furthermore, they will increase more time slots. Such an allocation mechanism can push airlines to improve their operational performances and consequently promote the service quality of air transportation.