網際網路公共傳播內容的分析--以交大BBS站為例

Abstract

網際網路是新興的傳播科技，從電子報，數位圖書館到商業行銷，它的應 用日益廣泛。電子佈告欄（BBS)是大學生最常使用的服務之一，其眾多的 討論群，開啟了網路論壇的發展。本研究哈伯瑪斯公共領域和溝通行動理 論來檢視網路上的討論，目的是想了解，在網路上討論公共事務的過程是 如何進行的？是否為理性對話？網路做為實踐公共領域的情形為何？等問 題。在文獻探討部分，研究者從傳播科技與民主的關係切入，探討民主的 意義與新科技所帶來契機，並整理出媒介與公共領域，網路與公共領域的 關係，以及網路上語言溝通的研究。在研究方法方面，本研究選取一九九 七年五月間交大資科BBS站交大校園版（NCTU Board）的七個個案為樣本 ；再以內容分析的方法將網路上的訊息內容，歸類為三大類目：符號使用 類目，討論的過程與形式，以及溝通行動類目。另外，以電子郵件寄發問 卷，調查交大學生對於網路上討論公共事務的看法。結果發現，在內容分 析方面，可歸納出以下五點發現。1.討論文章篇幅不長，平均約為110個 字。2.標點符號的使用與傳統不同，另有表情符號等新符號的運用。3.討 論層次不夠深入，多數討論停留在溝通的第一和第二層次。4.討論多批評 ，少讚揚。5.網路素養不足，導致討論品質低落。在問卷方面，共回收 了168份問卷，有效問卷為164份。結果發現，超過八成四的大學生每天上 網路，過半數的人每次花一個鐘頭左右的時間上網。整體而言，網路是大 學生相當依賴的媒介。此外，雖然有七成以上的人肯定網路所帶來正面的 影響，如使用起來很方便，討論有助於解決問題，網路是個溝通的好媒介 等；但也有超過六成以上的人認為不溫和的討論語氣，激烈的語言和情緒 化的態度，降低了公共事務討論的品質。 Within the past ten years, the users of Internet are overwhelmingly increased in Taiwan,i.e. so called " TANET." One of the most frequent used networks by students in colleges / universities is the electronic bulletin board system（BBS）, which plays a very important role of students' daily life, especially in communication behaviors such as information gathering, exchange and discussion.The study tries to apply Jurgen Habermas's theories, i.e.,"The Structural Transformation of Public Sphere"（1989）and " The Theory of Communication Action"（Vol.I & II; 1984,1987）to analyze the content of BBS used by students at Chiao Tung University, the earliest university to advocate and facilitate computer networks on campus. Students' opinion about the content of BBS and their attitudes toward BBS are also studied.Content analysis and questionnaire are the two methods used in this study. Seven cases（themes）with the total of 189 articles on BBS in May,1997, were selected by purposive sampling method, and analyzed by two coders with 0.82 reliablity. Four hundreds samples chosen by propotional sampling method were asked questions by mailing questionnaires through BBS mailing address. From June 4 to June 25,1997, there were 168 returned questionnaires including 4 invalid ones, to research's mail box. The results of content analysis can be summarized as:1.All the articles of seven cases are averagely short, about 110 characters used.2.The punctuation of writing is slightly different from the conventional used in paper writing; some new symbols are created, also with Internet's invented symbols.3.All the discussions are shallow, most are negative opinions, and emotional expressions.4.According to Habermas, most of the discussions are in the first or second stage（ to make or challenge a validity claim）, a few are in the third stage（ theoretical or practical discourse）, none is in the fourth and fifth stage（ metatheoretical and metaethical discourse）.As the results of questionnaires showed, more than 84% students use the BBS everyday and 70% people evaluate the new medium positively. But, there were more than 60% people didn't agree the discourses of BBS's forum.Overall speaking, this study shows the Internet is already increasingly becoming a dependent medium for colledge / university students, but with a lack of communication literacy which is needed for the new media era.