機車振動之電力產生系統

Abstract

本論文旨在探討運用電動機車行駛時因路面而產生的振動能轉換成電瓶的電能之可行性。將一個擺錘裝置在機車後輪軸上，當擺錘受到機車的直線加速度及路面所造成的鉛直振動而產生旋轉，遂帶動由發電線圈之轉子的旋轉而發電，再經升壓電路將電回充至電瓶中。為了電腦模擬，首先使用牛頓－尤拉公式推導擺錘的運動方程式，並以拉格朗吉方程式驗證之。考慮發電線圈的轉子，以求得整體系統的等效慣性矩，並代入所推導的擺錘運動方程式，如此便可求得在負載情況下的擺錘運動方程式。本文假設不同偏心半徑及鉛塊質量的擺錘，執行電腦模擬，計算偏心半徑和鉛塊質量分別對擺錘角速度的影響。本研究將擺錘及發電線圈所構成的發電裝置，架設在室內模擬路面振動的線性馬達上，實際觀察擺錘的轉動現象。此外還利用數位電錶及頻譜分析儀，量測所產生的電壓及電流值，並計算功率的回收效率，計算結果發現，鉛塊質量愈大及振動行程較小時所得到的效率較高。最後再將發電裝置，架設在電動機車的後軸輪處，實際在路面上行駛。本研究目的在於善加運用可利用的振動能量，以延長電動機車的續航里程。

This study aims to exploit feasibility of transforming vibration energy generated from riding into battery energy for electric motorcycles. A pendulum is attached to the rear wheel axle of the electric motorcycle. When the pendulum rotates due to riding vertical vibration resulting from the groud, the electrical power is generated by the rotor rotation of a coil, and charged back into a battery via an voltage-elevation circuit. For computer simulation, equations of motion of the pendulum are derived using the Newton-Euler equation, and verified by the Lagrange equation. Taking into account the rotor in the coil determines the equivalent. moment of inertia, which is substituted into the equation of motion of the pendulum under loading conditions. In computer simulation, the pendulum mass, radius, and vibration amplitude are varied to observe the pendulum angular velocity. In indoor experiments the energy generation apparatus consists of a pendulum, a coil, and a linear motor that emulates vertical vibration of the rear wheel axle when traversing over ground. The pendulum motion is observed. The generated voltage and current is measured using a multimeter and spectrum analyzer for the efficiency of power retrieval. Calculation results show that a larger mass or smaller vibration displacement yields higher retrieval effciency. Finally the above energy-generation apparatus is installed on the rear wheel axle of an electric motorcycle for outdoor road rest. It is desired to apply usable vibration energy to lengthen the mileage of electric motorcycles.