臺灣地區一般新舊銀行經營效率之比較--利潤函數之應用與研究

Abstract

台灣自從民國八十年起開放新銀行設立至今雖只有短短七年的時間， 但這七年來國可說是進入了戰國時代，除了新的競爭者不斷加入外，金融 創新也不斷在發生． 近年來民營化的腳步已經來到公有銀行，省屬三 商銀於今年（八十七年）一月二十二日正式完成民營化（省持股低於５０ ％），其餘公營銀行也正陸續釋出股份中．準此，之前有關金融機構經營 績效在分類上作國營與民營區別的研究已逐漸失去意義，取而代之的過渡 型評估分類標準應該是以民國八十年新銀行開放設立前後作為區隔的界線 ，並評估舊銀行與新銀行在經營內容的差異點． 本研究以民國八十年 開放設立的十五家新銀行與二十四家舊銀行在民國八十一年至民國八十六 年共二百三十四筆資料為研究對象與範圍．研究中先對國內一般全體銀行 作總括性的研究，之後再分別就新舊銀行不同的資料作分析． 本篇研 究得到以下結論：１．國內一般銀行普遍存在著配置無效率與技術無效率 ，且整體上配置無效率大於技術無效率２．就國內一般全體銀行而言，投 資的技術無效率比例相對小於放款的技術無效率比例３．國內一般全體銀 行勞動的技術無效率部份為負值（期望值大於實際值），比對舊銀行與新 銀行分別的資料群集後發現，舊銀行勞動的技術無效率是正值但新銀行則 為負值４．舊銀行投資的技術無效率比例小於放款的技術無效率比例５． 舊銀行勞動的配置無效率高於技術無效率，且其配置無效率比例相對大於 存款的配置無效率比例． It was 7 years ago when Taiwan opened it's financial market to new localbanks. During these years, not only new competitors join this market one afteranother, but also the financial innovation of banking system is involved. Recently, Gov-owned cooperation are convert their nature by releasing stocksshare. So do the gov-owned banks. 3 commercial banks owned by Taiwan province had already completed the stocks-releasing procedure (Gov-owned stocks share less than 50%), and other Gov-owned banks are following. Formal study on banks operating performance which were based on the categorythat divides the banks by the owner (private-owned vs. gov-owned) were no longervalid. The new standard to evaluate banks operating performance should considerthe time factor when new banks joined this market and evaluate the difference between the new banks and old banks. This study has collected 234 operating data of 15 new banks and 24 old banks within the period from 1992 to 1997. After general investigation on all banks, this study also analyze those data based on the category of new banks and old banks. This study has reached several conclusion as below:1. The allocation inefficiency and technical inefficiency widely exist in general banks.Besides, the allocation inefficiency is greater than technical inefficiency in general.2. Generally speaking, technical inefficiency in investment is less than that in loaning3. The labor value of technical inefficiency(LVTI) is negative (the expect value is larger than real value). Comparing the data of new bank with data of old bank, LVTI of new banks are positive but the LVTI of old banks are negative.4. Within old banks, the portion of technical inefficiency of investment is less than that of loan.5. Within the old banks, the portion of labor in allocation inefficiency is higher than labor in technical inefficiency, and higher than allocation inefficiency in deposit.