以聯想與類比推理來激發創意之研究

Abstract

為達成「設計自動化」這個終極目標的理想下，設計思考(design thinking)已成為設計研究中的一個重要項目。聯想與類比推理是人類思 考的方式之一。此類的研究，已多方呈現在心理學、認知心理學、人工智 慧的學術領域中。而在設計的行為中，這兩種行為是常被設計師所運用的 。本論文的目的在嘗試找出此兩種行為，在設計上的操作模式是如何達成 的。首先採用語意單字聯想法(association-test)，以問卷調查的形式， 針對概念語詞收集其相關的意象語詞。再從意象語詞中，對有造型語詞的 部份找出可對映的實體圖象。並將這些實體圖象，以專家訪談的方式，從 照片中擷取出與概念語詞有關的屬性、關係、因果，來做為類比推理( analogical reasoning)的基礎資源。在類比推理的專業設計師的實驗中 ，是採口語分析 (protocol analysis)做探索性的研究，以對照組和實驗 組的方式進行。對照的設計師只設定概念語詞的主題，讓其自由進行; 實 驗組的設計師是承接前面聯想所得的設計資源，進行類比推理的操作。其 中最主要的操作重點，在於對映(mapping)、整理(justification)。實驗 的結果，明確顯示本論文所提出的聯想和類比推理的操作模式的可操作性 ，並且此操作模式對創意的激發是有所助益的。本論文並設定「腳踏車」 為設計對象，以「速度感」概念語詞為範例，實際依本論文所提出的聯想 和類比推理的操作模式，進行操作練習，及設計系學生的類比推理教學實 驗。最後，由使用者進行設計評價。初步獲得教學實施上的盲點，及創意 構想的產出。 To achieve the ideal of the ultimate goal, Automatic Design, design thinking has become one of the important issues in the field of design research. Association and Analogical Reasoning are ways of human being's behavior. And researches onthis topic have been presented in various studies such as psychology, cognitive psychology and artificial intellegent. Also, Designers often adopt these two behaviors while design. The purpose of this paper is tring to find out how thesetwo behaviors are accomplished under operational model of design. The first step is targetting at conceptual terms and collecting its related image terms by form of questionnaire through the adoption of the semantic word association-test. Among the image terms, the correponding physical pictures could be found out for those terms with style. Then, utilizing these pictures by experts' interview to generate each concept referential attribute, relationship, and causation as the basic sourceof Analogical Reasoning. For those experiments of Analogical Reasoning professional designers, protocol analysis is used as the method for explorative research, which is implemented by viewing the experiment group and the contrastgroup. Designer of the contrast group provids the theme of concept term, and let the design experiment goes on freely. Designer of the experiment group proceeds the operation of analogical reasoning followed by the design source derived from Association. The major operating issues are mapping and justification. Obviously, these experiments' conclusion proves the practicability of Association andAnalogical Reasoning operating model and this model is beneficial to inspirecreativity. This research takes "bicycle" as the design target, adopts "speed", the concept term, as the example, follows the operating model of Association and Analogical Reasoning introduced in this paper, to process previous operating practice and the analogical reasoning teaching experiment for students with majore in Design. Finally, the design work are evaluated by users, so as to discover the blind spot in teaching and the output process of creative conception.