建構電腦輔助多色配色設計環境的方法

Abstract

本論文提出可用來發展電腦輔助多色配色設計（Computer-Aided Multicolored Coloring Design）環境的三個方法。發展此電腦輔助多色配色設計環境的目的在改進現有CAD系統色彩選取與調整的操作環境，用以提升產品色彩規劃（product-color scheme）的生產力。本研究所提出的三個方法為： （1）以mix-HCL色彩系統為基之直覺且與設備無關的色彩圖集產生法。此mix-HCL色彩系統可以在不同的顯示器上描述正確的顏色。本論文發展出可用以計算彩度與明度臨界值（threshold value）的演算法，使得mix-HCL色彩系統可以產生不同顯示器的三維色域（3D-color gamut）。本方法可以協助使用者透過色名（hue name）、色調（color tone）、及灰階度（gray level）等三個色彩知覺描述項目，快速且直覺地尋找到所想要的顏色。 （2）可根據配色意象形容詞自動產生多色配色參考圖集的方法。本方法結合專家的配色經驗與多數人配色意象感覺的一致性資料，根據使用者輸入之配色意象形容詞來產生配色組合；不僅可讓專家了解多數人所接受的配色方式，亦可提供一般使用者近似專家配色結果的多色配色參考圖集。此外，本論文中，也設計了四個實驗來驗證下列的問題：（a）本研究所挑選的系統配色意象形容詞，是否皆具有很高的一致性與獨立性；（b）本方法對不同抽象程度配色意象形容詞的可行性；（c）本方法是否能反映使用者個人的配色偏好；（d）本方法對一般常用配色意象形容詞的實用性。 （3）動態UCS色彩選取與調整法。本方法藉由提供三個特色來改進現有CAD系統的色彩選取與調整方式（a）與設備無關的色彩知覺調整捲軸，（b）可立即預視色相、彩度、與明度的色彩光棒，及（c）可及時顯示的色彩調整效果。此三個特色可幫助使用者提升對產品色彩規畫的信心，與簡化產品色彩規畫的設計手續。本方法是以國際照明委員會（the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage）所發表的UCS色彩系統為基礎來發展。本方法也發展出可用以建立UCS顯示器三維色域，以及UCS色相、彩度、與明度色彩光棒的演算法。 針對上述的三個方法，本論文皆個別實作了電腦程式與使用者介面，來驗證其對產品色彩規劃的實用性與預期效果。模擬結果證明此三個方法的確能增進色彩選取與調整的效率，並提升產品色彩規劃的生產力。 關鍵詞: 色彩系統，色彩知覺，配色法則，配色意象，色彩規劃，色彩選取與調整

This research proposes three methods for developing an environment for Computer-Aided Multicolored Coloring Design (CAMCD). The objective of the developed CAMCD environment is to improve the operation environment of color selection-and-adjustment in the existing CAD systems, and to increase the efficiency of product-color scheme design. The three proposed methods are: (1) An intuitive and device-independent color atlas generation method based on the mix-HCL color system. The proposed mix-HCL color system which can describe accurate colors on different electronic displays. Some algorithms for computing the threshold values of chroma and lightness are devised to make sure the mix-HCL color system can create the 3D-color gamut of a display. This method can help users search for the desired or imaginary colors quickly and intuitively through the perceptual-descriptive items of hue name, color tone, and gray level. (2) An automatic reference multicolored chips generating method according to in-put coloring-image adjectives based on the mix-HCL color system. This method is to bridge the gap between the expert coloring experiences and the common coloring perception. Through the reference multicolored chips generated from the proposed method, not only can the professional designers know what kind of coloring result will be acceptable by most people but also can the ordinary people achieve professional coloring standard. Four experi-ments are designed to investigate (a) the high consistency and independency of the system coloring-image adjectives selected in the experiments, (b) the feasibility of the proposed method for three abstract levels of coloring-image adjectives, (c) the goodness of response about the personal preference of the color compositions, and (d) the feasibility of the pro-posed method for the commonly used coloring-image adjectives. (3) A dynamic UCS color selection-and-adjustment method for product design. This method improves the ways of color selection-and-adjustment in ordinary CAD systems by three features: (a) perceptual adjustable scrollbars of device-independent colors, (b) immedi-ate preview of hue, chroma, and lightness color bars, and (c) real-time rendering of color adjustment results. The three features are helpful in increasing the design confidence of pro-duct color-scheme and simplifying the product design process. The proposed method is real-ized by using the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) UCS color space. Algorithms for generating the UCS 3D-color gamut of displays and for previewing the UCS hue, chroma, and lightness color bars are devised. To each of the proposed method, a trial computer program and a trial user interface have been developed and implemented. This is helpful in investigating the feasibility and effect of the proposed method in product-color scheme design. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can make users reduce the operations of color selection-and-adjustment, and increase the efficiency of product-color scheme design. Keywords: color system, color perception, coloring rule, coloring image, color scheme, color selection-and-adjustment.