貨物運輸業營業特性及對道路交通影響之研究

Abstract

由於都市地區經濟活動發展迅速，貨物的流動亦日趨頻繁，因此在都市貨物的運輸上造成了許多問題，例如路邊停車位不足，且多為小汽車所佔用，而導致從事貨物運輸之相關業者裝卸貨困難，因而造成業者違規停放之問題，並衍生出影響道路中車流行進之情形等等。另外，國內的相關研究多偏向以「人」為主，而以「貨物」為主的相關研究甚少，本研究之動機即係基於此時空環境下應運而生，因而探討「貨物運輸業營業特性及對道路交通影響之研究」。 本研究有兩大課題，一為探討各都市貨物運輸業之營業特性，另一課題則探討各貨物運輸業運送作業對道路交通影響之差異。本研究之方法乃分別針對不同貨物運輸業別來探討其營業特性，以建立對不同貨運業基本營業特性之概念，再配合問卷的設計、調查及分析過程，藉以驗證對不同貨物運輸業別營業特性之基本推論以及對道路交通之影響差異情形，以提出結論與建議。 研究中發現，以本研究之分類並無法將大多數以自用貨車從事貨物運輸營業行為之公司列入，僅能就使用營業貨車從事貨物運輸行為之業者之運送行為作一探討。本研究將貨物運輸型態組合分為十七組，以汽車貨物運輸業兼營搬家業之型態組合最多，佔市場約47.1％之比例。 而在對道路交通影響方面，以含主次要營業類別分類來看，則以汽車貨運業、搬家業及物流業對道路交通影響最大，其次為快遞業，而以路線貨運業及航空貨運承攬業為最低；若以主要營業類別來看，則以搬家業為最高，其次為汽車貨運業、路線貨運業、快遞業及航空貨運承攬業，而以物流業為最低。

Urban areas are seeing rapid development of economic activities, as well as ever more frequent flow of goods. All this therefore gives rise to a host of problems as regards freight transport in urban areas. For example, insufficient amount of parking space along the streets is usually taken up by sedans, so that it is immensely difficult for freight transport operators to load and unload freight. In the face of scant parking space, freight transport operators choose to park illegally, which has its detrimental effect on traffic flow. Further, related research at home is more 'people'-oriented, whereas 'freight'-focused studies are scarce. As a result of this, this paper is more geared towards freight issues, and hence seeks to discuss the characteristics of freight transport business operations in urban areas and these operations' various impacts on traffic. This study encompasses two major issues, i.e., characteristics of each freight transport business operation category in urban areas, and the different impacts by different categories on traffic. The methodology of this paper is as follows: this study intends to probe into and therefore foster a general understanding of the characteristics of different freight transport business operation categories. A questionnaire is designed in order to carry out surveys whose results are carefully analyzed. In so doing, this paper proves the basic hypothesis of the said characteristics and impacts, in the hope of putting forward a conclusion and useful recommendations. In this paper, it is discovered that the categorization of freight transport business operations as adopted in this study fails to embrace those who run business with their own private minivans and trucks. Consequently, this study is limited to examining the behavior of those with licensed vans and trucks. This study classifies freight transport business operations under seventeen categories, one of which that takes up the lion's share of the market (roughly 47.1%) is the category of automobile transport business operators concurrently offering mover’s services. This paper also addresses the impacts on traffic. When categorized according to the ratio of major to minor business operations, automobile transport operators, alongside movers and distributors, are the most detrimental to traffic, followed by couriers, as opposed to route-specific freight transport operators and air cargo carriers who are the least harmful. When categorized according to major business operations, movers are the most damaging to traffic, followed by automobile transport operators, route-specific freight transport operators, couriers and air cargo carriers, while distributors are the most harmless.