標題: | 以鑽石模式建立國際港埠競爭力評估準則之研究 The Study of the Evaluating Criteria of the International Ports Competition by Applying the Porter's Diamond Model |
作者: | 徐慧芬 Hsu Huei-Fen 陳光華 謝尚行 Chen Quang-Hua Hsieh Shang-Hsing 運輸與物流管理學系 |
關鍵字: | 競爭力;港埠;鑽石模式;評估準則;Competitive;Port;Diamond Model;Evaluating Criteria |
公開日期: | 1998 |
摘要: | 自從Michael E. Porter(1985)提出競爭優勢(Competitive Advantage)理論後,許多學者即根據此一理論紛紛構建國家、產業、企業等組織的優勢來源。Porter(1990)則又利用鑽石模式,說明一個國家為何能在特定產業獲得國際性成功;此鑽石模式有六個決定性因子(determinants):(1)生產要素;(2)市場需求;(3)國內相關及支援供應產業;(4)企業的策略結構與競爭態勢;(5)政府;及(6)機會。
「發展台灣成為亞太營運中心」--為我國因應日益競爭的內外在環境與尋求經濟發展的再突破所擬定之跨世紀經濟建設藍圖;其中又以推動「亞太海運中心」成功的機會最大,而其關鍵則在港埠競爭力的提昇。國內外探討港埠競爭力與港埠營運績效之研究相當多,但從組織優勢的角度切入者尚未得見。故本研究嘗試以鑽石模式理論為基礎,構建有效港埠競爭力評估準則,藉以探討亞太地區各港之競爭優勢。研究分成以下四階段進行:
第一階段首先藉由競爭力、競爭優勢、競爭力指標與港埠營運作業績效指標等相關文獻之回顧,依據鑽石六個構面,除考量現有已被討論過之評量準則外並加入各構面潛在有效準則總計58個。
第二階段利用專家問卷粹選出29個準則,成為本研究討論評估準則。
第三階段透過AHP法計算各構面及準則間之相對權重,建立一個以鑽石模式為基礎之國際港埠競爭力評估模式。並以單變量變異數分析產官學三方意見是否具差異性。
第四階段則以亞太地區香港、新加坡及台灣高雄、基隆、台中等港進行實證分析,評估各港競爭力高低。並以群落分析(Cluster Analysis)分成高中低三個競爭力群組,計算各港所屬群組。
結果發現:以鑽石模式評估國際港埠競爭力時, 各構面重要性依序為「生產要素」>「需求條件」>「政府」>「企業策略」>「相關及支援供應產業」>「機會」, 且產、官、學三方對於各階層準則權重值之看法並不具顯著差異性存在。若以亞太國際港埠競爭力為實證時, 我們發現:競爭力按高低排名分別為:新加坡第一,香港第二,高雄港第三,再來依序為台中港及新加坡。而利用集群分析技巧時,若分成「高競爭力」、「中競爭力」、「低競爭力」等三個集群時,具「高競爭力」之港埠組成包含:香港、新加坡港港。「中競爭力」港埠包含:高雄港與台中港。「低競爭力」港埠組成則包含:基隆港。 Professor Michael E. Porter (1990: Competitive Advantage of Nations) First propose the Diamond Model to explain why a nation can get international success in a specific industry. There are six determinants of the Diamond, which are (1)Factor Conditions, (2)Demand Conditions, (3)Related and Supporting Industries, (4)Firm Strategy, Structure nad Rivalry in the Country, (5)Government and (6)Chance. The main goal of Taiwan economic development plan cross centuries is to develop Taiwan to be the Asia-Pacific Operation Center. We have a great chance to make Taiwan "the Marine Transshipment Center", the key of success is to upgrade the competing capabilities of our ports. However, we need to know what are the specific items of the competitive advantage of ports? The study is trying to establish a class of efficient indices for evaluating the competitive advantage of ports, by applying Porter's Diamond Model. According to the six "cuts" of the Diamond, we consider the propose indices in related literatures and some potential indices of efficiency might be explored. We will extract efficient indices with the helps of expert questionnaire and calculate the relative weights between these indices. Then we will try to formulate an Evaluation Model of the competitiveness of international ports, based on Porter's Diamond. Finally, we will survey the competitive advantage of ports in Asia-Pacific area, and try to propose several alternatives of improvement for our ports. |
URI: | http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#NT870423001 http://hdl.handle.net/11536/64258 |
Appears in Collections: | Thesis |