太陽能電池的材料回收處理與再利用研究

Abstract

隨著人類生活的進步，對於能源的需求是愈來愈高。但地球所蘊含之能源都日漸枯竭，各種替代的再生能源便在這種情況下發展出來。尤其以太陽能為代表，因它取之不盡用之不竭，若太陽能能更有效率的轉換成其他形式能源，將提供人類所需的能源。太陽能發電是利用半導體材料所製作出的太陽能電池，將光能轉換成電能，因半導體技術的進步，使製作太陽能電池的成本下降同時效率也提升，使太陽能電池的使用普及化。 在先進國家大力推廣與補助太陽能產業下，太陽電池製造量大幅增加，生產與製造的過程中有害物質使用未管制；太陽能電池生命週期約20-25年，使太陽能電池面臨更換命運；亦隨科技進步，太陽能電池效率亦將提升，舊型且效率不彰的太陽能電池，未達年限即淘汰更新。這些廢棄太陽能電池與發電模組，隨意棄置未作妥善的處理將對環境造成相當大的負擔與污染。 因此太陽光電產業發展欣榮可期，相關法令與處理技術未臻完備，本研究試研擬在不增加管理與回收處理成本下，由現行回收體系直接回收的可行性，研究運用現行製造設備在不增加成本下，即能直接回收廢太陽電池技術。其研究方向從生產端到成品端所生之廢矽材，並預估廢棄產生時間與量，提供政府管制的時間與設置處理廠的各項依據；從社會、成本與技術面分析回收的各種可行性，回收應採取的經濟手段與管理的架構，並提出回收的系統架構建置，使太陽電池發電系統均能受管制。

Human require more and more energy resources because technology improved life. However, the energy resources that exist in the earth are depleted. Therefore, more and more re-used energy resources are developed. Among those re-used energy resource, solar energy is the epitomes because it is unlimited. If solar energy can be more efficiently transformed into different type of power, it will provide the energy that human need. A solar cell, which is Power by solar energy, is using semiconductor to transform light into electric power. Because of improved manufacture process, the manufacture cost decreased meanwhile the solar cell is more efficient. It makes solar cell more available to all. Because develop country governments encourage using solar cells, requires of those solar cells are increased. However, harmful materials that produced during the manufacture process are not been controlled. Life cycles of solar cells are usually 20-25 years. After the period, those cells need to be replaced. Also, because more and more innovations have been developed, old power model and inefficient solar cell are eliminated. Those eliminated cells and power model will cause a lot of pollution with properly handle process. Therefore, handling those discarded materials would be another prospect industry even though related laws and techniques are not been perfectly established. This research develops a process which using current recycle techniques without increasing management and recycling costs, Using current equipments and technique to handle discarded solar cells without increasing budget. This process is focusing on predicting the amount of discard silicon materials, providing government the direction that could be the standard of handling discarded material. Based on the viewpoint of society, budget and technique, the research can provide a structure of recycling model.