派外人員特質與其家庭特質對海外適應之影響

Abstract

隨著廿十一世紀的來臨，全世界的社會和經濟型式已迅速轉型，更多的企業朝向國際化的投資方式營運，國內的勞工、土地成本迅速飛漲，產業向他國投資外移的案例明顯增加。為了因應國際化的策略，許多的企業將其內部的各類人才派遣至世界上的各個所屬子公司工作與生活，以維持企業國際化所必需的運作，因此，有所謂的派外人員產生。 本研究擬藉此實證的研究對派外人員的海外適應提出一迴歸預測模式，並探討派外人員家庭特質及派外人員特質中的定義變項會對其海外適應有所影響。本研究選取國際化營運較廣泛的企業的派外人員當作問卷的受試對象，從派外人員的家庭特質：支持度、適應能力、溝通能力及派外人員的特質：接受度、知識、互動性、溝通能力等各個構面研究其對派駐國的社會適應及工作適應的影響。 研究結果顯示派外人員的接受度及互動性和海外的社會文化適應呈正相關的影響，派外人員的家庭適應能力和派外人員的接受度和派外人員的知識對其海外的工作適應呈正相關的影響作用；而派外人員的家庭溝通能力對其海外的工作適應呈負向相關作用，派外人員海外之社會適應和其工作適應有顯著的正向相關，符合溢出(spillover)理論的說法。

For reducing the influence of the rising domestic land and labor cost and adjusting better to the fast changes in worldwide economic and social conditions in the twenty-first century, more and more companies in industrialized countries, internationalize their business operations. Investment in foreign countries has increased drastically. A key issue internationalization is sending employees to work and live in foreign countries. The “expatriates“ become an important workforce in multinational corporations. The study samples the expatriates from the enterprises with extensive internationalization to test the proposed research model. It uses regression analyses to test the hypotheses. The independent variables are an expatriate’s individual characteristics (including willingness for accepting foreign assignment, knowledge of host country, interpersonal skills, and communication ability) and the characteristics of expatriate’s family (including family’s support to the expatriate, family adjustment to host country, and family’s communication ability). The dependent variables are the expatriate’s work adjustment and social adjustment in the host country. The results of study show that there is a positive effect from an expatriate’s willingness of accepting assignment and interpersonal skill on his social adjustment in the host country. The expatriate’s willingness for accepting assignment and knowledge about the host country and his family’s adjustment all has a positive effect on the expatriate’s work adjustment. However, the study found that the family’s communication ability has a negative effect on the expatriate’s work adjustment. The extensiveness of pre-departure training also has a negative influence on the expatriate’s social adjustment. Consistent with the spillover theory, this study discovered a positive influence from the expatriate’s social adjustment to his work adjustment.