渦卷壓縮機振動噪音診斷及改善

Abstract

壓縮機為冷凍空調系統之關鍵零組件，尤其是渦卷式壓縮機，具有比一般壓縮機高效率，高可靠度的特性外，更具有低振動、低噪音的優點。 本研究針對渦卷式壓縮機做振動與噪音的診斷。使用的工具為頻譜與反頻譜分析、聲場輻射分析、在特徵系統中的模態分析，與渦卷壓縮機運轉振形。並根據上述的診斷，可以結論出以下結果：在機械部分的振動源為元件鬆動、轉子不對心、結構共振與定子支架固定不良，同時在流體內的噪音源為流場空穴所產生。 為降低前述診斷所鑑別出的噪音與振動源。我們應用肋材以加強壓縮機表面結構，以抑制噪音傳播、並應用消音器設計於逆止閥上，以減少氣流噪音。

Compressors are critical components of air conditioning systems. In particular, scroll compressors have the advantages of high efficiency, reliability and low vibration and noise level, as compared with conventional compressors. This research is focused on the diagnosis of vibration and noise in scroll compressors. The tools for diagnosis employed in the paper comprise spectral and cepstral analysis, radiation analysis, modal analysis with eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), and operation deflection shapes (ODS). From the results of diagnosis, it is concluded that the major sources of vibration in the mechanical part are looseness of components, misalignment of rotor, structural resonance, and the weak supports of stator, while the source in flow part is cavitation. To reduce the noise and vibration identified in aforementioned diagnosis, the following solutions are proposed in the thesis. Rib design is proposed to reinforce the structure of compressor surface to restrain the transformation of noise. Silencer design is proposed for the check valve to reduce flow noise.