印刷電路板現場監控系統之物件導向分析與設計

Abstract

當今製造業的趨勢，取向於整合式生產，然而隨著製造系統的複雜化及多變性，單純的模型表示法不足以描述系統架構，且當裝配線應製程需求有所變更時，則相對應之應用程式都需要修改，這對彈性製造系統而言是龐大的工程，所以一個好的系統模型架構之建立對整合式製造系統而言是相當重要的。有鑑於此，若能將自動化工廠的各個模組建立起來，將可因應生產變更，執行彈性且迅速的生產制度。 本次研究中所採用的方法，是應用統一化模式語言（Unified Modeling Language）來發展一個印刷電路板生產現場監控系統的靜態結構與動態行為，發展程序劃分為五個主要階段，分別為系統分析、物件導向分析、形式分析、物件導向設計及物件導向實作等。將物件導向分析設計的概念以圖形表示法的方式表現，用以發展一套適合用於印刷電路板現場監控系統模組化的方法。目的是希望藉由物件導向技術與UML設計模型的分析，將工廠中多元的靜態結構與複雜的動態行為，轉換為視覺化的模型，應用於即時控制軟體的設計。特別針對系統監督式電腦控制部分，分析物件間彼此訊息溝通方式，表現其它模型分析方法所無法顯現的系統模型。並結合彩色斐氏網（Coloured Petri Nets）的形式分析（Formal Analysis）方法，使用Place Invariant解析運算法則，分析系統動態行為特性。 最後將所建立之模型，建構出視覺化圖形介面以模擬印刷電路板現場監控系統的運作情形。

A shop floor control system for a printed-circuit-board (PCB) factory is studied and designed. The development procedure of this system consists of five main steps: System Analysis, Object-Oriented Analysis, Formal Analysis, Object-Oriented Design and Object-Oriented Implementation. In this research, Unified Modeling Language (UML) is utilized to describe the physical layout of the copper-deposition PCB manufacturing line as well as the design of software architecture for the shop floor control system. OOA/OOD techniques are adopted to identify and design classes of the real-time control software in the PC-based shop floor control system. In this approach, both of the static architecture and dynamic behaviors of the system are presented by various UML graphical diagrams. Furthermore, dynamic interaction diagrams between different classes/objects in UML can be converted to Coloured Petri Nets representation. Formal analysis techniques in Petri Nets theory, such as place invariants and occurrence graphs are utilized to analyze the dynamic behavior of this design. The designed shop floor control system is implemented using C++. Finally, simulation is conducted to verify the design of the shop floor control system for a PCB factory.