高精度GPS應用於大型儲槽及區域地層變位之研究

Abstract

大型儲槽及管線區域因地層變位所造成之破壞常導致重大災害，為精確掌握地層變位情形，並建立安全警示系統，大型儲槽及管線區域之地層變位監測實有其必要性。本論文將應用高精度GPS測量於地層下陷及滑動之監測，並與精密水準測量、三角三邊測量及物理量測等之監測結果進行分析比較，用以建立地層變動預警系統，以期完成特定試驗區之地層變動行為調查及監控作業。 GPS的方法是在一些已知高精度的座標站及未知座標的測站同步觀測記錄相位資料，再經由框標法以最小二乘法，推算高精度的測站座標，因此利用GPS完成快速精確的地層變動監測是可行的。此外，在計算GPS資料時並將加入對流層、電離層及相位中心等改正模式以提高GPS精度。 本論文以高精度GPS來監測地層變動，含有兩個重要作用，其一為建立GPS於地層變位監測之可行模式，其二為特定區域地層變動之長期變化，並得到高精度成果，吾人計畫定期監測進而建立一個地層變位安全警示系統。

A large storage tank and a pipeline area are frequently ruined because of stratigraphic displacement. In order to monitor the displacement of stratum and to construct an alert system, it is necessary to execute stratigraphic displacement in mentioned area. In this thesis, high precision GPS surveying, precise leveling and triangulateration are proceeded to determine the stratigraphic displacement. Besides, an alert system will be established using the measured and analysis results. The GPS method applied in this thesis is to measure phase data in given high precision stations and unknown stations simultaneously. Using fiducial principle based on a least square adjustment, the precise coordinates of the unknown station can be determined. Therefore, to monitor stratigraphic displacements precisely and immediately is feasible. Besides, the correcting models of tropospheric delay, ionospheric delay and GPS antenna phase center variation will be used in GPS data processing to promote the precision. In this thesis, high precision GPS surveying is applied for two objects, one of the objects is to propose a monitor algorithm using this GPS surveying, the other is to obtain high precision stratigraphic displacement data for constructing an alert system.